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PARIS (RIAUPOS.CO) – Data ISIS bocor ke publik, terkait perekrutan 11.000 militan dari lebih 70 negara. Hal itu dipastikan setelah penyidik memeriksa ribuan catatan yang dianalisis dari bocoran data dari kalangan internal ISIS.

Data mengejutkan itu diperoleh dari seorang pembelot ISISyang menyerahkan tidak kurang dari 11.000 file personil ISIS kepada jaringan televisi AS, NBC, kendati separuh dari dokumen itu hanya berupa duplikat.

NBC kemudian meneruskan 4.600 dokumen ke Combating Terrorism Centre (CTC), yang berbasis di West Point.

Dokumen-dokumen ini merupakan salah satu kebocoran besar-besaran dari dalam ISIS tahun ini.

Ribuan dokumen pendaftaran menjadi anggota militan ISIS pertama kali bocor pada bulan Januari ke situs berita oposisi Suriah dan pada bulan Maret ke harian Sueddeutsche Zeitung, Jerman. termasuk lembaga penyiaran Jerman yang mengaku memperoleh catatan serupa. Jasa keamanan Jerman juga memiliki akses ke materi tersebut.

CTC mengatakan bahwa dengan membandingkan dokumen yang diterima dari NBC tentang ISIS dengan data yang dibuat oleh Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat, ternyata "sekitar 98 persen" memiliki kesamaan.

Dari dokumen rekrutan dalam bahasa Arab termasuk catatan dari penilai, terungkap sekitar 30 persen dari 15.000 anggota baru yang masuk Suriah selama tahun 2013 dan 2014.

Analisis yang ada tidak hanya berupa gambar dari para militan, tetapi juga wawasan tentang bagaimana ISIS melakukan serangkaian pemahaman dan pendalaman kemampuan anggota baru tersebut, yang semuanya dibeber di website CTC.

Mereka yang direkrut berkisar di usia 12 sampai hampir 70, meskipun rata-rata berusia 26 atau 27. Hanya 400 orang berada di bawah 18 tahun saat mendaftarkan diri sebagai anggota ISIS.

Dari sisi kewarganegaraan, tercatat 579 militan baru dari Arab Saudi, diikuti oleh Tunisia (559), Maroko (240), Turki (212), Mesir (151) dan Rusia (141).

Ada 49 dari Prancis, 38 dari Jerman, 30 dari Lebanon, 26 dari Inggris, 11 dari Australia dan tujuh dari Kanada. Tidak ada yang dari Amerika Serikat.

Tiga puluh persen mengatakan mereka sudah menikah, sementara 61 persen masih bujangan, dan delapan persen lainnya tidak diketahui.

Sebanyak 1371 orang mengatakan mereka telah lulus SLTA sementara 1.028 mengatakan mereka telah mengenyam pendidikan di universitas.

"Kelompok ini tampaknya secara umum terdidik, terutama bila dibandingkan dengan data yang diberikan PBB," kata laporan itu.

Terungkap juga bahwa petugas perekrut ISIS mewawancarai rekrutan baru untuk menilai kesesuaian mereka terhadap berbagai peran di kelompok itu.

"Sementara ISIS membutuhkan beberapa pelaku bom bunuh diri, itu juga perlu personil untuk mengisi peran seperti tentara konvensional, pejabat Syariah, polisi dan posisi keamanan atau administrasi," kata laporan CTC.

Bahkan, salah seorang petugas perekrut menulis catatan tentang seorang rekrutan baru: "Penting: ia memiliki pengalaman di bidang kimia."

Tapi ketika pendatang Turki berusia 24 tahun itu mengatakan pengalaman profesionalnya adalah sebagai pengedar narkoba, komentarnya begini: "Semoga Tuhan mengampuni dia dan kita!"

Hampir 10 persen dari rekrutan itu dilaporkan pernah melakukan teror sebelumnya, termasuk seorang Prancis yang mengatakan ia berjuang di Mali, sementara hanya 12 persen mengatakan mereka siap untuk melakukan serangan bunuh diri.

Catatan lain termasuk indikasi "berbohong" untuk dua rekrutan militan, atau catatan berbunyi; "Jika dia kembali lagi, dia akan dipenjara"; "Tidak bisa melatih kesabaran"; "Tidak tertarik kehidupan militer dan jihad"; dan "kebingungan dengan masalah".

Mereka yang batal direkrut juga diberi catatan: "Kembalilah ke Libya dan mengabdilah bagi Negara"; "Tugas" dan "Omar Al Shishani menuduhnya terlibat aksi di Turki".

Al Shishani, atau "Omar Chechnya", yang secara efektif menjabat sebagai menteri pertahanan ISIS, tewas bulan lalu.

Ada satu baris pada formulir pendaftaran yang dibiarkan kosong, yakni tentang: Tanggal dan tempat kematian.

The ISIS Files: What Leaked Documents Reveal About Terror Recruits

Sumber Asli NBC

A trove of ISIS personnel records obtained by NBC News has now been analyzed by experts at West Point, who say it's the largest and "most significant" document cache of its kind, providing new insight into the terror group's grand ambitions and diverse recruits.

The files reveal that the jihadists who joined the Islamic State in 2013 and 2014 were largely uninterested in suicide missions, better educated than expected and, to the alarm of those trying to stop the export of terror, very well-traveled.

NBC News received the dossiers from a Syrian man who said he stole the information, stored on a flash drive, from a senior ISIS commander. Over the last month, NBC News has worked with the Combating Terrorism Center at the elite military academy to transform them into a database of more than 4,000 foreign fighters from 71 countries.

The analysts believe the documents, which were also given to a British media outlet, are genuine and the details in them revelatory. They show the bureaucracy behind ISIS' enlistment operation and a surprisingly varied fighting force captivated by the promise of a global Muslim caliphate.

"The largest takeaway from these documents is the massive diversity of the population," Brian Dodwell, deputy director of the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, told NBC News.

"We are talking an average age of around 26, 27 years old but we're talking about everywhere from teenagers up until men in their 60s," Dodwell added. "We're talking about very diverse backgrounds from an education perspective — individuals who list their education as none up to those who listed their educations as Ph.D.s, masters degrees, MBAs … Everything from laborers to doctors and lawyers."

The papers, written in Arabic and fully translated by NBC and West Point for the first time, provide a snapshot of each fighter — from nom de guerre and blood type to travel history and contact numbers for next of kin.

Among the key findings:
Most don't want to be martyrs

Each candidate was asked if he wanted to be a regular fighter or a suicide bomber or suicide fighter, but only 12 percent ticked the box for martyrdom.

That ratio stands in stark contrast to another set of foreign fighters, those who joined Al Qaeda in Iraq in 2006 and 2007, more than half of whom volunteered to blow themselves up, according to West Point. And analysts say the disparity reflects how ISIS marketed itself to the world and the kind of future it envisioned.

"While they do need some suicide bombers, if all of their troops selected into the suicide category who would be left to fill that conventional army? Who would be left to serve as the Sharia officials, the police or the administrative?" Dodwell said.

"They're selling this narrative of victory and sustaining... Many of these individuals it would seem are buying into that message and are going into there to live — not die."

They cover the generation gap

Nearly two-thirds of the enlistees were in the 21-30 age group, but the other ends of the spectrum were also well-represented. Some 40 recruits were under age 15and about 400 were under 21. Almost a quarter fell between ages 31 and 40. About 4 percent were between 41 and 50 and there were even 42 men over the age of 50.

The oldest person in the database was nearly 70, a married father of five from Kyrgystan who wanted to be a fighter and not a suicide volunteer.
Many have families

While six out of 10 fighters were single, 30 percent reported being married — and they had more 2,000 children between them. The notes on some of the applications show that some showed up with hopes of bringing their families along later if they could get the money needed for travel.

The Caliphate called to them

The dates on the records give a sense of what might have propelled some these men to join ISIS. One peak came in November 2013, a few months after the militants split off from the Al Qaeda-affiliated Nusra Front and rebranded themselves as the Islamic State or ISIS.

But the biggest recruitment period was July 2014, following some of ISIS' most significant territorial seizures and the announcement that it was establishing a caliphate with dominion over the world's Muslims.

They were schooled

"They are perhaps more educated than we would expect," Dodwell said.

A third went to high school and a quarter had a college education; only 17 percent said they stopped their schooling after elementary or middle school. That level of education was higher than the average for many of the countries the men called home.

While the stats might suggest that the fighters had prospects in their homeland, the West Point experts noted that many of them had more menial jobs than their education might suggest — a possible source of frustration that could have played into their decision to join up.

The group was less educated on Islam than might be predicted. Seventy percent said they had only a basic understanding of sharia. And in an unexpected turn, those with a deeper understanding of Islamic law were actually less likely to choose to be suicide bombers or fighters, despite the religious justification for suicide attacks.




The applicants came from all job sectors. Listed occupations included beekeeper, perfume salesman, airline steward, Saudi intelligence worker, soldier in the Tunisian army. One reported he was in "counter-narcotics," another that he was a hashish dealer. "May God forgive him and us!" that file added. There was someone who worked at a Starbucks in London, and another who boasted of being a mixed-martial arts trainer with gold medals to his name.

Overall, though, the fighters were more likely to have worked in low-skilled jobs. Only 104 had high-skilled or white-collar positions. There were 700 laborers, roughly 10 times the number of teachers, IT employees, or those in the military or police. But the vast majority were employed before they joined: Only 255 said they were jobless. Another big group had yet to enter the labor force: 656 students.
They span the globe

The three biggest feeder countries were Saudia Arabia (797 fighters), Tunisia (640) and Morocco (260), although Tunisia has the highest per capita rate. But they came from all corners of the world — from China (167) to Iceland (1) and Australia (13) to Trinidad and Tobago (2).

About 10 percent hailed from Western nations, including the United Kingdom (57) and the United States (14). In Europe, France (128) and Germany (80) had the highest numbers.

The international nature of the group is cause for concern, giving a glimpse of the ease with which ISIS members might be able to move around and blend in across the globe. Fifty-eight cited the U.S. as a country they had visited.

"They were from all over the world and the individuals had traveled all over the world," Dodwell said. "I wouldn't say a majority of them, but a good number of them were heavily traveled. One individual said he had been to 38 countries around the world. So some of them certainly have international experience and significant experience moving throughout the region and throughout the world."

Each record contained a field where the person processing the paperwork could make notes. The miscellaneous entries were both haphazard and telling. They detailed issues with forged or lost passports, criminal records, health problems, and special family situations.

"Important, he has expertise in chemistry," one notation said. Another: "He has experience in making explosives. He refused to provide his mother's name out of concern for her safety."

The dossiers contain the names of those supposedly vouching for the recruits, and it's clear connections were important.

"His brother executed the metro operations in Madrid," one note said, apparently referring to the 2004 commuter train bombings by an Al Qaeda cell that killed 191 people. A different applicant "tried to join the State through Abu-Ayman al Iraqi [a top ISIS commander killed in 2014] but they refused for lack of recommendation," the file said.

Problems with vision or hearing were duly recorded, along with other medical conditions. "His right leg is amputated," one file said. "He wears a prosthetic."

There were contact numbers for family members and also instructions on whether they were to be contacted. One Spanish fighter left this directive: "He does not want anyone to know."

A college student from Libya who volunteered to be an inghimasi, a type of fighter who plans to die on the battlefield, left a message for those at home: "Tell my mother and my father to forgive me."

The cache included more than 400 exit forms for members who were leaving ISIS territory — the majority were allowed to take a leave of absence for medical treatment, mainly in Turkey, while others were permitted to take care of family issues or bring their families back. But those weren't the only reasons. Two forms contained the word "LIED" in red letters with the ominous warning that the person would be arrested if they returned. In some other cases, ideological differences were noted.

To validate the documents, the West Point center cross-referenced them against a repository of ISIS records maintained by the Defense Department and corroborated about 98 percent.

Dodwell said that while much of the material confirmed the center's understanding of who joins ISIS and why, the "massive amount of diversity" was the biggest eye-opener and poses a challenge for those researching how to counter radical extremism at the root level.

"What it shows us is that it's very difficult to determine who exactly these types of programs should be targeted towards because they come from all walks of life," he said.