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Correct shell for the right purpose
Correct shell for the right purpose
Today, 07:38
The consequences of fire brick wall shell DM11. 120-mm smoothbore gun, designed to fight tanks, for different purposes requires new types of shells
The appearance of the 125-mm smoothbore gun on Soviet tanks served as an impetus to the development of a 120-mm smoothbore gun on the western tanks. While the main battle tanks (MBT), the Western countries were armed mostly rifled 105-mm guns. German Leopard 2 tank was the first, entered service with the new caliber gun, and soon it was followed by an American tank M1 Abrams. However, the tanks deployed in the Balkans after the fall of the Iron Curtain there were no suitable ammunition, and therefore the chances of confrontation with the tank against tank were actually very low. Armor-piercing shells were no longer a preferred type of ammunition.
Thus, there was an urgent need for universal caliber ammunition. But twenty years later, new types of weapons developed and improved in order to fully meet the needs of tank crews.
A good example of universal ammunition designed for the current scenario is Rheinmetall DM11 / Rh31. It was designed and manufactured by the German company, or rather its joint venture Defense Munitions International, created in collaboration with the American General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems of Pennsylvania. The new missile is based on the requirements of the German Bundeswehr and the US Marine Corps. German Army needed a versatile missile capable of hitting different types of goals.
The first requirement consists of three subtasks. First, the destruction of anti-missile system in the shelter and outside at a distance of 5000 meters. This requires air blasting (hence, delayed action fuse) and the cloud of debris in the form of tungsten balls manufactured along the axis of the projectile. Second, you need a missile to destroy a mechanized infantry dismounted, which again requires a remote detonator and axial fragments to which must be added the radial fragments produced by heavy fragments of the projectile body. Third, the defeat had taken refuge in buildings goals, and this requires a thick-walled shell with a delayed-action fuse. And finally, it is necessary to destroy the detonation point of light armored targets and unarmored targets at long range.
Flexibility has been put at the forefront - even when you're already in the breech projectile should allow you to adjust the combat mission and change the mode fuze. Requirements Marines were similar, as it intends to use new projectile to fight dismounted infantry and department in order of battle "wedge", hence undermining the necessary air to fuse with the slowdown and the formation of axial and radial fragments. The simulation showed that 27 of the 30 soldiers in a battle order will be hit by shrapnel during shooting of only two shells.
Shell DM11 with tri-mode fuze, developed by the German company Rheinmetall, also produced in the United States Defense Munitions International (a joint venture between Rheinmetall and GD-OTS)
Armor-piercing and high-explosive shells from Rheinmetall. By adopting DM11, the German army has provided tank crews really multitasking tool
The second requirement for the wall. Needed a projectile that could break through concrete walls reinforced with double thickness of 20 cm due to knock it through the thick-walled body and head the fuse with a delay.
The third requirement concerns the destruction of earth and wooden dugouts, percussion fuse is required, as well as high accuracy, a shell which would detonate inside sandbags. Thus, the new high-explosive ammunition 120x570 mm for the Leopard 2 was equipped with a programmable fuse, installed in the rear of the warhead ballistic front tip, containing over 6000 tungsten balls and insensitive explosive in the middle of a mass of 2.17 kg, which is made of heavy projectile body can create 9 kg of steel fragments. Signal cable goes from the back of the fuze to the projectile igniter with the transmission channel. Program data provided fire control computer. In order to provide additional state information to control unit charging was added another control unit, which has a selection button detonation point with or without a delay. Fuse programmable via cable and pins, which transmits data to a data channel igniter. Compared with systems using an external solenoid, this solution allows you to change the program data even when the shell is in breech (this is one of the requirements of the German army).
Modular shell DM11 receives designation Rh31 when installing a simple fuse detonation point and less powerful propulsion module that allows you to get the maximum range of only 3.5 km and a much lower cost per shot. This solution does not require a system of wires and above programming of electronic devices and universal fuse was adopted by Denmark, received in 2013, 2,500 shells.
Among the new features requested by the US Army - neutralizing anti calculations at great distances and breaching the walls
The concept of a universal perspective advanced ammunition XM1069, which is soon to enter the US Army
We return to the DM11. In addition to the US Marine Corps, who became the first native troops received 450 shells as urgent operational requirements for its M1A1 tanks in Afghanistan, and the German army, the projectile was also ordered Greece and Norway (total 6500 shots). When the length of the barrel 44 gauge DM11 initial velocity of about 970 m / s, whereas in the latter version Leopard 2 armed gun L55, it increases up to 1000 m / s. Projectile DM 11 can shoot in any climate, he qualified for Zones A1, B3 and C2 and thus can shoot at ambient temperatures from -46 ° C to + 71 ° C.
The company Rheinmetall immediately after the delivery of its first mass-produced shells DM11 began developing a training projectile with tracer RH88 TP-T, which is currently qualified and will be available by the end of 2015. RH88 meets all current requirements for the shooting on the ranges, for example, low cost, safe handling and firing temperature conditions. Tracers are visible, at least to 2000 meters, pollution-free propellant (environmentally friendly) and ballistics, of course, corresponds to the original ballistic tables and requirements for safety zones. Interestingly, this projectile designed with another order. The real goal is not always require exposure to live ammunition on the final trajectory; sometimes (including when it is necessary to reduce the indirect costs) Training projectile may offer the best solution even in real clashes.
Rheinmetall engineers are very active in the field of ammunition. The company is seriously considering the possibility of developing additional ammunition for its 120-mm smoothbore gun. Main Battle Tank is the most secure car in the military registry (though not always with good mobility in confined spaces), its use in urban scenarios is no longer banned, so for these scenarios is necessary to develop new, more suitable shells. Punching walls, incendiary effects, reduced muzzle blast (except the dusty clouds of blinding hand for a long time), shorter distance, scalable and programmable effects - these features are a German company wants to "invest" in their shells for long-term urban fighting.
US Army must impact on the four types of objectives: bunkers, light armor, concrete walls and infantry in the open countryside
Advanced Universal
The US Army intends to replace the four types of shells on the one known as the AMP (Advanced Multi-Purpose - advanced universal). This not only greatly simplifies the logistics, but also provide new opportunities for Abrams tanks. Currently, the US Army and Marine Corps use armor-piercing projectiles M829A1 and M829A3 plus shells to deal with a variety of different purposes, including the M830 HEAT-MP-T (cumulative caliber), M830A1 HEAT-MP-T (cumulative Subcaliber), M908 HE -OR-T (high-explosive fragmentation, to break the barriers) and M1028 Canister (cassette).
According to some reports AMP will have three operating modes: point detonation delay and undermine the air. This allows the operator to neutralize group complexes ATGM at a range of over 500 meters and penetrate reinforced concrete walls. Judging by the illustrative material provided by research management arms Ardec, the projectile will have a link at the bottom of the liner, multiprogram bottom fuse installed in the base of the projectile and the high-explosive fragmentation warhead.
Projectile having yet designation XM1069, will reduce the number of types of ammunition and two, that is actually very AMP plus advanced kinetic projectile M829E4. In addition to reducing the amount of logistics it solves "the dilemma of the crew that take into battle."
Previously mentioned joint venture Defense Munitions International offers its own version DM11. Currently, this versatile high-explosive shells is used by the Marine Corps under the designation M242. In order to better meet the requirements of the army being finalized munition. The other main competitor, ATK, before committing money Congress to block the development and production XM1069 conducts research and development at his own expense.
Together with the company Nammo GD-OTS offers 120mm insensitive high-explosive shells with tracer IM HE-T (Insensitive Munition High Explosive), designed to defeat most purposes except for heavy-lightly-and. Propellant and warhead is less sensitive (inert), and it certainly increases the safety of the crew. The warhead contains 3.2 kg of inert explosives, according to the company that GD-OTS more than twice as much compared to the standing armed cumulative anti-tank shells HEAT. Bow dual-mode fuze manual installation allows you to choose either a tank commander function point of detonation in order to maximize fragmentation / explosive impact or function with delayed detonation after penetration goals. Also available training options in the form of inert tracer shells and sighting tracer shells.
If M830 is true caliber projectile cumulative, the model M830A1 (top photo) - a piercing projectiles with detachable tray that preserves shaped-charge warhead, but having a higher initial velocity (1400 m / s vs. 1140 m / s). This increases his armor at all distances, even when shooting at helicopters ....
For its part, the projectile M908 OR (Obstacle Reduction) is used to destroy obstacles. It is a modification of the former type, in which the fuse is replaced by a steel front nose portion for penetrating barriers until detonation. Thus, this ammunition can destroy various obstacles and barriers, such as concrete, stone, dragon's teeth, etc. According to the company ATK new shell showed the best performance compared to ubiquitous 165-mm projectiles M123A1 HE, ammunition within the engineering machinery Centurion AVRE British Army tanks and engineering M728 US Army. To destroy the enemy dismounted at distances up to 500 meters Abrams tanks have a cluster bomb ammunition M1028 Canister, which are stacked tungsten balls with a diameter of 9.5 mm. This shell is revealed immediately after leaving the muzzle and throws before the tank over 1100 balls - principle of operation is the same as that of a shotgun. Of course, there is a strong limiting factor is distance.
Cluster bomb M1028 can get some further improvements. As a consequence of the Afghan experience, GD-OTS received a request to improve the characteristics of the munition at high temperatures. The company has worked on hybrid propellant and the projectile can be used at temperatures up to 71 ° C. Now GD-OTS in 2014, hopes to get a contract as new shells, and the modernization of the existing M1028 to the new standard.
120-mm projectile IM HE-T, developed by GD-OTS and Nammo, different manual dual-mode fuze, which provides good flexibility for a relatively small cost
Правильный снаряд для правильной цели
Option cassette shell M1028 contains over 1100 tungsten balls
Правильный снаряд для правильной цели
Versatile munition (Multi Purpose Munition), in the US Marine Corps, he is known as a universal high-explosive M242. This shell is an American version of a German shell DM11. Production company GD-OTS
Israel
Israel has always been forced to arm their tanks not only anti-but universal shells in order to ensure appropriate support infantry during operations in urban areas (by the way, in the last decade, the city was the venue for the standard military operations of the Israeli army). Therefore, except for armor-piercing ammunition (many will remember the photo hole made in such a shell in the gun barrel tank T-72) in the presence of Israeli requirements stipulated in universal ammunition shells.
In connection with the transition to 105-mm rifled guns to 120 mm smoothbore gun tanks Merkava III and IV became necessary new shells. Israel Military Industries Company manufactures tank guns and ammunition. It currently has in its portfolio a kinetic projectile (M322 APFSDS-T) plus three universal shell, which allow the crew of the tank Merkava shoot at unarmored targets: universal anti-cumulative projectile M325 HEAT-MP-T (High-Explosive Anti-Tank Multi -Purpose), universal high-explosive M339 HE-MP-T (High Explosive Multipurpose) and M329 projectile to engage manpower and material objects (Anti-Personnel / Anti-Material) better known as Apam.
Universal M339 projectile from the company Israel Military Industries and others like shells is tri-mode fuze in order to maximize operational flexibility
While the primary goal M325 HEAT-MP-T is the destruction of medium and light armored vehicles, its explosive and shrapnel impact can also damage the infantry. M339 HE-MP-T was specifically designed to meet the needs of urban combat, and thanks to its programmable multifunction the fuse it can be used in the following modes: shock delayed instantaneous or air blasting. M339 is able to penetrate the concrete wall with double reinforcement thickness of 200 mm. Choosing the right mode enables detonation to destroy bunkers, urban construction and lightly armored targets, in this case the projectile also vysokoletalen against dismounted infantry. M329 Apam was developed from the 105-mm version and entered service in 2009. It establishes six combat units that can consistently undermined by the projectile's trajectory, for example, if you want a solid defeat street debris and neutralize infantry ukryvsheysya in the side streets. However, this is only one of the five available modes, the other four - the instantaneous detonation point, point detonation delay, the air blasting (all six of warheads detonate as a unitary warhead) and protivovertoletny.
Last but not least, in some situations, Israeli tanks crews can use the so-called "shock" M337 projectile, which has a deterrent effect with the flash, sound and exhaust, which is very similar to the corresponding features of standard ammunition.
ATK company has developed a family of ammunition for the tank Abrams (top). The US military is going to keep fit when purchases tank ammunition being from two sources. At the bottom of the cassette frames shooting a 120mm projectile M0128 from ATK, designed to empower Abrams features "a la shotgun" to combat infantry at close range
The family of 120mm ammunition from Nexter; Soon he has to join a new shell with tri-mode fuze
France
Nexter company is currently developing a 120-mm projectile HE M3M with tri-mode programmable fuse. This allows the projectile detonated in a typical point of detonation mode, delayed mode (destruction of buildings and neutralization purposes behind shelters) or during air blasting (the possibility of conducting "indirect fire" Masked targets). Although the shell and is equipped with a bottom fuse, it has the same ballistic performance as the current shell 120 HE F1. The contract, issued by the Office of arms procurement, calls for the development and qualification of a new shell for the tank Leclerc, which will allow him to have a much better operational flexibility.
Materials used:
www.armada.ch
www.generaldynamics.com
www.rheinmetall-defence.com
www.imi-israel.com
www.atk.com
www.nexter-group.fr
Today, 07:38
The consequences of fire brick wall shell DM11. 120-mm smoothbore gun, designed to fight tanks, for different purposes requires new types of shells
The appearance of the 125-mm smoothbore gun on Soviet tanks served as an impetus to the development of a 120-mm smoothbore gun on the western tanks. While the main battle tanks (MBT), the Western countries were armed mostly rifled 105-mm guns. German Leopard 2 tank was the first, entered service with the new caliber gun, and soon it was followed by an American tank M1 Abrams. However, the tanks deployed in the Balkans after the fall of the Iron Curtain there were no suitable ammunition, and therefore the chances of confrontation with the tank against tank were actually very low. Armor-piercing shells were no longer a preferred type of ammunition.
Thus, there was an urgent need for universal caliber ammunition. But twenty years later, new types of weapons developed and improved in order to fully meet the needs of tank crews.
A good example of universal ammunition designed for the current scenario is Rheinmetall DM11 / Rh31. It was designed and manufactured by the German company, or rather its joint venture Defense Munitions International, created in collaboration with the American General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems of Pennsylvania. The new missile is based on the requirements of the German Bundeswehr and the US Marine Corps. German Army needed a versatile missile capable of hitting different types of goals.
The first requirement consists of three subtasks. First, the destruction of anti-missile system in the shelter and outside at a distance of 5000 meters. This requires air blasting (hence, delayed action fuse) and the cloud of debris in the form of tungsten balls manufactured along the axis of the projectile. Second, you need a missile to destroy a mechanized infantry dismounted, which again requires a remote detonator and axial fragments to which must be added the radial fragments produced by heavy fragments of the projectile body. Third, the defeat had taken refuge in buildings goals, and this requires a thick-walled shell with a delayed-action fuse. And finally, it is necessary to destroy the detonation point of light armored targets and unarmored targets at long range.
Flexibility has been put at the forefront - even when you're already in the breech projectile should allow you to adjust the combat mission and change the mode fuze. Requirements Marines were similar, as it intends to use new projectile to fight dismounted infantry and department in order of battle "wedge", hence undermining the necessary air to fuse with the slowdown and the formation of axial and radial fragments. The simulation showed that 27 of the 30 soldiers in a battle order will be hit by shrapnel during shooting of only two shells.
Shell DM11 with tri-mode fuze, developed by the German company Rheinmetall, also produced in the United States Defense Munitions International (a joint venture between Rheinmetall and GD-OTS)
Armor-piercing and high-explosive shells from Rheinmetall. By adopting DM11, the German army has provided tank crews really multitasking tool
The second requirement for the wall. Needed a projectile that could break through concrete walls reinforced with double thickness of 20 cm due to knock it through the thick-walled body and head the fuse with a delay.
The third requirement concerns the destruction of earth and wooden dugouts, percussion fuse is required, as well as high accuracy, a shell which would detonate inside sandbags. Thus, the new high-explosive ammunition 120x570 mm for the Leopard 2 was equipped with a programmable fuse, installed in the rear of the warhead ballistic front tip, containing over 6000 tungsten balls and insensitive explosive in the middle of a mass of 2.17 kg, which is made of heavy projectile body can create 9 kg of steel fragments. Signal cable goes from the back of the fuze to the projectile igniter with the transmission channel. Program data provided fire control computer. In order to provide additional state information to control unit charging was added another control unit, which has a selection button detonation point with or without a delay. Fuse programmable via cable and pins, which transmits data to a data channel igniter. Compared with systems using an external solenoid, this solution allows you to change the program data even when the shell is in breech (this is one of the requirements of the German army).
Modular shell DM11 receives designation Rh31 when installing a simple fuse detonation point and less powerful propulsion module that allows you to get the maximum range of only 3.5 km and a much lower cost per shot. This solution does not require a system of wires and above programming of electronic devices and universal fuse was adopted by Denmark, received in 2013, 2,500 shells.
Among the new features requested by the US Army - neutralizing anti calculations at great distances and breaching the walls
The concept of a universal perspective advanced ammunition XM1069, which is soon to enter the US Army
We return to the DM11. In addition to the US Marine Corps, who became the first native troops received 450 shells as urgent operational requirements for its M1A1 tanks in Afghanistan, and the German army, the projectile was also ordered Greece and Norway (total 6500 shots). When the length of the barrel 44 gauge DM11 initial velocity of about 970 m / s, whereas in the latter version Leopard 2 armed gun L55, it increases up to 1000 m / s. Projectile DM 11 can shoot in any climate, he qualified for Zones A1, B3 and C2 and thus can shoot at ambient temperatures from -46 ° C to + 71 ° C.
The company Rheinmetall immediately after the delivery of its first mass-produced shells DM11 began developing a training projectile with tracer RH88 TP-T, which is currently qualified and will be available by the end of 2015. RH88 meets all current requirements for the shooting on the ranges, for example, low cost, safe handling and firing temperature conditions. Tracers are visible, at least to 2000 meters, pollution-free propellant (environmentally friendly) and ballistics, of course, corresponds to the original ballistic tables and requirements for safety zones. Interestingly, this projectile designed with another order. The real goal is not always require exposure to live ammunition on the final trajectory; sometimes (including when it is necessary to reduce the indirect costs) Training projectile may offer the best solution even in real clashes.
Rheinmetall engineers are very active in the field of ammunition. The company is seriously considering the possibility of developing additional ammunition for its 120-mm smoothbore gun. Main Battle Tank is the most secure car in the military registry (though not always with good mobility in confined spaces), its use in urban scenarios is no longer banned, so for these scenarios is necessary to develop new, more suitable shells. Punching walls, incendiary effects, reduced muzzle blast (except the dusty clouds of blinding hand for a long time), shorter distance, scalable and programmable effects - these features are a German company wants to "invest" in their shells for long-term urban fighting.
US Army must impact on the four types of objectives: bunkers, light armor, concrete walls and infantry in the open countryside
Advanced Universal
The US Army intends to replace the four types of shells on the one known as the AMP (Advanced Multi-Purpose - advanced universal). This not only greatly simplifies the logistics, but also provide new opportunities for Abrams tanks. Currently, the US Army and Marine Corps use armor-piercing projectiles M829A1 and M829A3 plus shells to deal with a variety of different purposes, including the M830 HEAT-MP-T (cumulative caliber), M830A1 HEAT-MP-T (cumulative Subcaliber), M908 HE -OR-T (high-explosive fragmentation, to break the barriers) and M1028 Canister (cassette).
According to some reports AMP will have three operating modes: point detonation delay and undermine the air. This allows the operator to neutralize group complexes ATGM at a range of over 500 meters and penetrate reinforced concrete walls. Judging by the illustrative material provided by research management arms Ardec, the projectile will have a link at the bottom of the liner, multiprogram bottom fuse installed in the base of the projectile and the high-explosive fragmentation warhead.
Projectile having yet designation XM1069, will reduce the number of types of ammunition and two, that is actually very AMP plus advanced kinetic projectile M829E4. In addition to reducing the amount of logistics it solves "the dilemma of the crew that take into battle."
Previously mentioned joint venture Defense Munitions International offers its own version DM11. Currently, this versatile high-explosive shells is used by the Marine Corps under the designation M242. In order to better meet the requirements of the army being finalized munition. The other main competitor, ATK, before committing money Congress to block the development and production XM1069 conducts research and development at his own expense.
Together with the company Nammo GD-OTS offers 120mm insensitive high-explosive shells with tracer IM HE-T (Insensitive Munition High Explosive), designed to defeat most purposes except for heavy-lightly-and. Propellant and warhead is less sensitive (inert), and it certainly increases the safety of the crew. The warhead contains 3.2 kg of inert explosives, according to the company that GD-OTS more than twice as much compared to the standing armed cumulative anti-tank shells HEAT. Bow dual-mode fuze manual installation allows you to choose either a tank commander function point of detonation in order to maximize fragmentation / explosive impact or function with delayed detonation after penetration goals. Also available training options in the form of inert tracer shells and sighting tracer shells.
If M830 is true caliber projectile cumulative, the model M830A1 (top photo) - a piercing projectiles with detachable tray that preserves shaped-charge warhead, but having a higher initial velocity (1400 m / s vs. 1140 m / s). This increases his armor at all distances, even when shooting at helicopters ....
For its part, the projectile M908 OR (Obstacle Reduction) is used to destroy obstacles. It is a modification of the former type, in which the fuse is replaced by a steel front nose portion for penetrating barriers until detonation. Thus, this ammunition can destroy various obstacles and barriers, such as concrete, stone, dragon's teeth, etc. According to the company ATK new shell showed the best performance compared to ubiquitous 165-mm projectiles M123A1 HE, ammunition within the engineering machinery Centurion AVRE British Army tanks and engineering M728 US Army. To destroy the enemy dismounted at distances up to 500 meters Abrams tanks have a cluster bomb ammunition M1028 Canister, which are stacked tungsten balls with a diameter of 9.5 mm. This shell is revealed immediately after leaving the muzzle and throws before the tank over 1100 balls - principle of operation is the same as that of a shotgun. Of course, there is a strong limiting factor is distance.
Cluster bomb M1028 can get some further improvements. As a consequence of the Afghan experience, GD-OTS received a request to improve the characteristics of the munition at high temperatures. The company has worked on hybrid propellant and the projectile can be used at temperatures up to 71 ° C. Now GD-OTS in 2014, hopes to get a contract as new shells, and the modernization of the existing M1028 to the new standard.
120-mm projectile IM HE-T, developed by GD-OTS and Nammo, different manual dual-mode fuze, which provides good flexibility for a relatively small cost
Правильный снаряд для правильной цели
Option cassette shell M1028 contains over 1100 tungsten balls
Правильный снаряд для правильной цели
Versatile munition (Multi Purpose Munition), in the US Marine Corps, he is known as a universal high-explosive M242. This shell is an American version of a German shell DM11. Production company GD-OTS
Israel
Israel has always been forced to arm their tanks not only anti-but universal shells in order to ensure appropriate support infantry during operations in urban areas (by the way, in the last decade, the city was the venue for the standard military operations of the Israeli army). Therefore, except for armor-piercing ammunition (many will remember the photo hole made in such a shell in the gun barrel tank T-72) in the presence of Israeli requirements stipulated in universal ammunition shells.
In connection with the transition to 105-mm rifled guns to 120 mm smoothbore gun tanks Merkava III and IV became necessary new shells. Israel Military Industries Company manufactures tank guns and ammunition. It currently has in its portfolio a kinetic projectile (M322 APFSDS-T) plus three universal shell, which allow the crew of the tank Merkava shoot at unarmored targets: universal anti-cumulative projectile M325 HEAT-MP-T (High-Explosive Anti-Tank Multi -Purpose), universal high-explosive M339 HE-MP-T (High Explosive Multipurpose) and M329 projectile to engage manpower and material objects (Anti-Personnel / Anti-Material) better known as Apam.
Universal M339 projectile from the company Israel Military Industries and others like shells is tri-mode fuze in order to maximize operational flexibility
While the primary goal M325 HEAT-MP-T is the destruction of medium and light armored vehicles, its explosive and shrapnel impact can also damage the infantry. M339 HE-MP-T was specifically designed to meet the needs of urban combat, and thanks to its programmable multifunction the fuse it can be used in the following modes: shock delayed instantaneous or air blasting. M339 is able to penetrate the concrete wall with double reinforcement thickness of 200 mm. Choosing the right mode enables detonation to destroy bunkers, urban construction and lightly armored targets, in this case the projectile also vysokoletalen against dismounted infantry. M329 Apam was developed from the 105-mm version and entered service in 2009. It establishes six combat units that can consistently undermined by the projectile's trajectory, for example, if you want a solid defeat street debris and neutralize infantry ukryvsheysya in the side streets. However, this is only one of the five available modes, the other four - the instantaneous detonation point, point detonation delay, the air blasting (all six of warheads detonate as a unitary warhead) and protivovertoletny.
Last but not least, in some situations, Israeli tanks crews can use the so-called "shock" M337 projectile, which has a deterrent effect with the flash, sound and exhaust, which is very similar to the corresponding features of standard ammunition.
ATK company has developed a family of ammunition for the tank Abrams (top). The US military is going to keep fit when purchases tank ammunition being from two sources. At the bottom of the cassette frames shooting a 120mm projectile M0128 from ATK, designed to empower Abrams features "a la shotgun" to combat infantry at close range
The family of 120mm ammunition from Nexter; Soon he has to join a new shell with tri-mode fuze
France
Nexter company is currently developing a 120-mm projectile HE M3M with tri-mode programmable fuse. This allows the projectile detonated in a typical point of detonation mode, delayed mode (destruction of buildings and neutralization purposes behind shelters) or during air blasting (the possibility of conducting "indirect fire" Masked targets). Although the shell and is equipped with a bottom fuse, it has the same ballistic performance as the current shell 120 HE F1. The contract, issued by the Office of arms procurement, calls for the development and qualification of a new shell for the tank Leclerc, which will allow him to have a much better operational flexibility.
Materials used:
www.armada.ch
www.generaldynamics.com
www.rheinmetall-defence.com
www.imi-israel.com
www.atk.com
www.nexter-group.fr
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