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Further the development of Main Battle Tank.
Further the development of main battle tank
Spoiler for 1:
Soldiers from 12 Armoured Regiment patrol tanks LEOPARD C2 route Route Hyena, ensuring the safety of local residents, soldiers of the allied troops and Afghan army during roadworks
Death of main battle tank (MBT), as we know, has been predicted several times. Assumed that it will replace the missiles and lighter vehicles that are easier to deploy and are more suited to urban operations. However, the perfect combination of MBT in lethality, mobility, and protection plus exceptional upgradeability regarding situational awareness, communications and battle management saved him from "extinction".
Ability to fight despite getting multiple rocket-propelled grenades and protect the crew from all threats, except for large IED, demonstrates the relevance of this class of military vehicles against rebels in the narrow streets of the city, despite the fact that their original purpose was conducting fight with his "flat" in open countryside at long range. But things could go another direction; MBT Russian losses in urban combat in Chechnya in 1995 became ominous, not sulivshim anything good, but later ABRAMS tanks and CHALLENGER 2 proved effective in Iraq along with the MBT LEOPARD from the Dutch and Canadian troops later show itself in all its glory in Afghanistan.
The most authoritative military-industrial powers consider MBT as the basis of their strength, so they created their own third-generation tanks, with their export potential pales into insignificance. A series of Israeli tanks MERKAVA, Italian C-1 ARIETE, Type 10 Japanese, Korean K2 BLACK PANTHER, Turkish ALTAY (based on Korean BLACK PANTHER) is an example. British tank CHALLENGER 2 and French MBT LECLERC almost conform to this pattern, each country is used by the developer and one foreign buyer. Some eastern powers, such as China, with its Type 99, with India and ARJUN FMBT program for prospective MBT and Iran with the tank ZULFIQAR have adopted a similar approach. Only western models of the third generation, which are widely sold for export are ABRAMS especially LEOPARD 2, but even they are losing ground in the market before the onslaught of new cars eastern projects.
New Eastern supremacy
In its latest annual study Forecast International predicts by 2021 the market for new MBT in excess of 5,500 units worth about $ 24.25 billion. More than half of this volume, the study says, will be the Chinese Type 98, a Pakistani-Chinese AL-KALID and manufactured in Russia or India under license tanks T-90S series. They are expected to account for almost 55% of the market in terms of quantity, but only less than 44% by value. The new production of "advanced" tanks represented families ABRAMS and LEOPARD, as assumed in the report will be about 23% share of the market in terms of quantity and 36% in value.
Most operators, however, are upgrading their tanks rather than change them with new ones. This gives ample opportunity for companies specialized systems, such as Elbit Systems, which invest in a lot of electronics, opto-electronics and defense systems platforms MBT. "Knowing our market, I would say today that [the West] ... production of new tanks actually stopped," - said Meymon Ifergan, vice president for terrestrial systems in Elbit Systems, although at the same time believes that the business on modernization will continue for several decades.
"We are seeing another phenomenon that countries such as Germany, USA, Russia, Ukraine is given almost nothing to the existing platform with legacy systems on them," - he said. - After a few years, these systems become obsolete and all tanks will undergo modernization. "
Company Elbit electronics and optoelectronics upgrades medium tanks THERE German development in Argentina, and also participates in a much more ambitious project to modernize the T-72 tanks in India (and gazes retrofit market T-72 worldwide). In each project the company establishes a complete kit consisting of a new MSA advanced thermal imagers for surveillance devices and hand commander. Optics arrow with panoramic views, thermal imaging and laser rangefinder has a reasonable redundancy and now is becoming more and more popular. "This is also what I would say in the last three years has become a mandatory requirement in the market for all types of tanks."
It also provides commentary on the increasingly popular trend of cameras installed around the machine to provide continuous coverage of 360 ° for the crew working with closed hatches. "Along with the control system in force situational awareness issue has become very important for the tank" - said Ifergan.
Remotely controlled weapon stations (DUBM) become a mass phenomenon. In addition to providing auxiliary weapons that can be serviced by the charging or commander DUBM may also be the main commander of sight, combining two functions in one system. "This is what the company and the customers begin to think," - said Ifergan.
The U.S. Army intends to leave the M1 ABRAMS MBT in service until about 2050. This represents a significant change in strategy, as she was going to replace it with a much lighter machine in accordance with the program of the Future Combat Systems (FCS). Cancel FCS definitely played a role in the change of priorities, but also the real world combat experience had, of course, a greater impact.
Continuous circular cover 360 ° is also in the interests of the company Schott. Field of view inside the protected machine is very limited and inconvenient for soldiers. Schott due to its tank periscope with 180 ° angle of view expanded the normal field of view, increasing it from 8 ° to 28 °. To obtain this effect the three lenses mounted together so that they give a panoramic image from 180 ° to 360 °, when their images are aligned next to each other. Images are transmitted via fiber optic rods, it is quite mature technology that Schott already applies in practice for many years.
Canada selects ARV WISENT 2
Spoiler for 2:
Spoiler for 3:
Spoiler for 4:
ARV WISENT 2
Canadian Defense Ministry after three years the company has recently issued a contest Flensburger Fahrzeugbau Gesellschaft (FFG) contract worth U.S. $ 81,559,692 on 13 ARV WISENT 2 AEV (Armoured Engineer Vehicle). These 13 cars will be taken from surplus Dutch and Swiss tanks LEOPARD A4 and then converted into a configuration using ARV experience FFG. In accordance with the initial application for ARV should tow rope or other towing devices car with a mass equal to the mass of the most combat ARV; ARV towing crew training should not exceed 10 minutes; winch either single or double, should provide traction 70,000 kg with no more than one hoist with double cable conduit. After winning the competition of FFG among all participants was, of course, selected machine WISENT 2.
In accordance with the regulation of compensation, this machine is largely Canadian company FFG Canada became the main contractor. ARV WISENT 2 - innovative machine for military engineering tasks, it can be used to assist in the creation, development and clearing major supply routes, bridgeheads for crossing water obstacles and entrances to the bridges. Usually it is also used for removing or setting obstacles and barricades on the battlefield. This versatile engineering vehicle is particularly useful in peacekeeping operations for the recovery of the national infrastructure destroyed during the conflict. The special operating systems are modern WISENT 2 hinged arm excavator and dozer high. Bucket has a volume of 1.3 m3 capacity of more than 300 m3 per hour, working depth up to 5.3 m and 10.2 m fly machine can also be equipped with a mine plow. WISENT 2 is one of the most modern multifunctional platforms in the world. It is based on the MBT LEOPARD 2, which is deployed in many countries and is considered one of the most successful tracked vehicles were in service. WISENT 2 compares favorably with what is technically mature and proven system proved itself extremely maneuverable, powerful and reliable in battle.
Remaking XBT ARV WISENT 2, as well as an armored recovery vehicle ARV (Armoured Recovery Vehicle) begins with disassembly and upgrade the standard tank LEOPARD 2. For advanced welding and installation of a modern hydraulic system should install modern crew module. The result is an adaptable platform WISENT 2 has a high level of protection already in the base configuration. Due to alterations LEOPARD 2 FFG company created versatile platform that meets the extremely high demands of the modern battlefield and rapidly changing combat missions. Such improvements allows machines to ensure WISENT 2 work with maximum flexibility and quickly perform tasks in the operational areas. The newly developed platform also empowers commanders to the operating room.
An important feature WISENT 2 - is upgradeable and adaptable solution booking. Even in its basic configuration the crew is protected up to Level 5 in accordance with NATO STANAG. When using standardized mountings are basic armor can be upgraded quickly for protection against RPGs by adding passive or lattice armor, SidePRO LASSO or ERA (Explosive Reactive Armour - blocks dynamic protection). Improved anti-mine protection is achieved through the installation of additional red lining and a second Ballistic armor plate on the underside of the machine. Ground clearance is not changed. Improved ballistic protection for WISENT 2 achieved by installing armor at small angles and internal Ballistic red lining.
Machine WISENT 2 not only offers excellent protection and adaptability to combat the problem, it is also very reliable and has a low cost life cycle. Dining WISENT 2 AEV and ARV 95% identical in terms of logistics and have the benefits associated with the availability of common parts, which reduces the cost for the entire service life.
Key improvement WISENT 2 is a specially designed intelligent hydraulic and electronic system. This advanced electronic and hydraulic architecture designed FFG, ensures that the operator can quickly and easily change the problem and safely switch to other equipment.
WISENT 2 may take a very different equipment to perform a wider range of missions. Also repair crane and excavator hands on ARV WISENT 2 can be set mine plows, equipment for automatic marking passages and dozer blade with custom adapter, increasing its lifting height. In addition, the standard hydraulic interface can also be used such devices as miniature trawls, milling heads, concrete cutters, auger drills, etc. To meet the special requirements of the customer and to improve combat capabilities for WISENT 2 can be constructed with additional tools and working bodies.
Spoiler for 5:
/spoiler]MBT MERKAVA Mk IV exhibition Eurosatory 2010
ABRAMS MBT value for counter-insurgency operations in an urban setting
The main combat phase of the invasion of Iraq in 2003 showed the work of American and British MBT; expected that they will participate only in the traditional, rapidly moving tank war, but there was a surprise in the second battle for the city of Fallujah in November 2004, when the MBT ABRAMS U.S. Army and Marine Corps played a significant role in the U.S. victory. The report of the RAND Corporation (Research Center in California) in 2012, commenting on the recent trends in the armored forces, the source was quoted as saying in the Marine Corps, who thinks tanks essential for success in counterinsurgency operations, which contributes to minimize the indirect losses from its fire and keeping the strikes rebel weapons that could destroy any other war machine. For example, tanks ABRAMS, taranimye car packed with explosives, are exposed to enormous explosive force so that "all external equipment destroyed the tank, but the design is caused minimal damage; repairs may generally be performed within one day. "
While the U.S. Army is not deployed tanks ABRAMS in Afghanistan, the Marines launched their cars in early 2011. The Marine Corps, which is used by the option ABRAMS M1A1, established most of the army kit components to enhance the survivability of the tank in an urban setting TUSK (Tank Urban Survival Kit) and strengthens its tank battalions by adding in each fifth of a tank company.
As U.S. Marines, British Army is also reviewing its MBT CHALLENGER 2 as a vital and necessary for the success of the forces in the main battle phase and operation phase of the protracted protvopovstancheskom "Taurus"; the same position it has and its BMP WARRIOR. British sources, gave an interview to the RAND report, reported that tanks CHALLENGER 2 tend to intimidate the rebels, who are less active, surrounded by tanks. Only CHALLENGER, lost in the main combat phase, was hit by friendly fire from another CHALLENGER, several tanks were damaged in counterinsurgency operations, while none were lost due to the fact that we need a very large IED to seriously damage the tank CHALLENGER 2.
Despite confirming the usefulness of tanks in Iraq CHALLENGER Great Britain would not deploy them in their area of responsibility in Afghanistan's Helmand province, citing logistical difficulties and an "excellent" support Canadian MBT LEOPARD 2, based in neighboring Kandahar province.
In a British survey on strategic defense and security in 2010 the coalition government announced plans to reduce the fleet CHALLENGER 2 by about 40%, although the modernization, known as the extension program for capacity tank CHALLENGER 2 (C2CSP), implies maintaining relevance to its intended MBT decommissioning of approximately 2035.The composition includes C2CSP earlier programs to improve lethality CHALLENGER (CLIP), according to which the main current 120-mm gun will be replaced by a 120 mm smoothbore Rheinmetall L55. C2CSP program started in 2007 and to the participation of the company was invited to BAE Systems but next year underfunding has caused delays. Answering questions in the House of Commons in May 2011, Deputy Minister of Defence property, security and Technology Peter Luff said C2CSP is in the very early stages of development of the concept and that therefore there was no expenditure is incurred. Nexter company showed its kit for urban combat AZUR tank LECLERC in 2006, providing OBT board skirts of composite armor, latticed screens for stern hull and turret to protect against RPGs and installing additional shielding from the engine firebombs. RAND The report also states that the Canadian Afghanistan experience also showed the importance of MBT instantly when tanks LEOPARD Division 1 was cast in theater after initially deployed LAV 3 confirmed their lack of fire power, protection and mobility to cope with such purposes as, for example, the building of reinforced concrete , as well as threats, including mortars, recoilless rifles and RPGs, in difficult terrain. Tanks LEOPARD 1 proven so successful that Canada has quickly become surplus Dutch and German tanks LEOPARD 2 and deployed them in Afghanistan in early 2008, where they upgraded side screens to protect against RPGs and more powerful installation of air, became more successful than the previous model. In July 2009, the Canadian government signed a contract with Kraus Maffei Wegmann (KMW) on extra upgrading to 20 tanks configuration LEOPARD 2 A4M CAN, specially adapted for operations in Afghanistan. In October 2010, they arrived in this country. This upgrade is based on the work performed by the embodiment A6M and technology that KMW recently agreed with the German Agency for Defence Procurement and Technology. Basically, it provides increased protection against vserakursnym anti-tank shells, mines and IEDs. The modernization also added "innovative hardware interface" for devices such as mine rollers, mine plows and dozer. Danish LEOPARD 2 armored units deployed in Afghanistan, presented at the RAND very similar data, emphasizing accuracy and reactivity 120mm gun tank that minimizes the indirect loss and fear of catching up on the rebels. After the Second Lebanon War in 2006, the Israeli army once again focused its attention on armored warfare and the role of the MBT, after several years of honing skills of low-intensity conflict. Analysts refer to the conflict as an example of "hybrid war", which combines the lethality of the conflict of nations with long irregular conduct of hostilities. Replacing obsolete tanks and APCs on MBT MERKAVA Mk 4 and BMP NAMER, which is based on the chassis MERKAVA, Israelis raised their arms combat skills, reports the RAND Corporation, and successfully applied it in practice "Operation Lead Shield" in the Gaza Strip in 2008 . These machines differ protection kits that include a V-shaped armored bottom to deflect mines and IEDs. In conclusion, the RAND report states that the armored forces, based on tanks and infantry fighting vehicles, are a key component of any army that must fight the "disparate enemies" who have some form of training, discipline, organization, operational management and modern weapons. "Light and medium forces complement heavy (armored) forces in a mixed war, especially in urban and other complex terrain, but they do not provide the survivability, lethality and mobility, which are inherent in the armored forces. Quite simply, heavy forces reduce operational risks and minimize friendly casualties. "
[spoiler=6]
Tank LEOPARD 2 A7 + from KMW exhibition Eurosatory 2010
Spoiler for 7:
Marines of 1 platoon of the 1st Tank Battalion, attached to the 26th Expeditionary bear protection on the tank M1A1 Abrams before crossing the bridge in the Green Zone in the Afghan province of Helmand. Part of the 26th Expeditionary deployed in Afghanistan, provides regional security in Helmand province in support of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan
Despite the fact that the tanks ABRAMS shone in urban combat in Iraq, the experience yet revealed certain deficiencies in situational awareness, protection and shooting power. Their removal company sent its forces GDLS together with the project office for the armored brigade group, creating a set of survivability of the tank in an urban setting TUSK (Tank Urban Survivability Kit).
The current version of the tank ABRAMS U.S. Army - it M1A1 Situational Awareness (M1A1SA) and M1A2 SEP. The first is the modernization M1A1, which involves the installation of steel armor plates with a core of depleted uranium to increase protection for the front arch and sides of the tower, improved suspension, a modern computer with a built-in diagnostics, second generation thermal imager and laser rangefinder. In SEP V2 added improved color displays, thermal imaging sights, remotely controlled weapon station commander (CROWS II), heat management system and a telephone for communication with the infantry outside.
disambung,.....ke hal 2.
Diubah oleh boleroes11 30-04-2014 11:31
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