Organisation of fleet air defence forces
A naval formation needs not only to be able to attack, but also to defend. The introduction of guided rockets into naval warfare, beginning with the German Fritz X in 1943, has forced naval forces to adopt weapons designed specifically to intercept both guided rockets and aircraft. In modern task force warfare, light ships such as destroyers and frigates are used as 'escort screens' for larger ships. These type of ships normally provide either air defences, anti-submarine defences, or both. The more escorts per capital vessel, the less is the likelihood of that capital vessel being destroyed. The number of defensive weapons is increased and so is the number of targets that can be hit instead of the capital vessel, which is ordinarily a cruiser, battlecruiser or aircraft carrier of some kind.

It's necessary to have at least three escort ships, depending on displacement, per capital ship. A fleet of five battleships and three destroyers, for instance, is not S E N S O Roptimal: it will underperform defensively and overperform offensively. A fleet of ten destroyers and one cruiser will underperform offensively and overperform defensively. It's important to maintain the balance between defensive and offensive operations in general formations, although ad-hoc formations can and perhaps should be imbalanced.

Echelons of fleet air defence weaponry
I identify four echelons of fleet air defence weapons. The first three are listed in order of their usefulness and importance. The latter is lateral.

First echelon: theatre SAM
The longest range surface to air missiles normally have an engagement range of between 300 and 400 kilometres, for instance the American Standard Missile VI or the Russian 48N6, 40N6. Ranges can also be between 100 and 300km, for example, MBDA Aster 30 and British Sea Dart. Guidance system of these guided rocket weapons is usually either Semi-active radar homing (SARH) or Active radar homing. In the former, a ship's radar must achieve a firing solution on the target track, that is to say, the target must be visible on radar. In the latter, the target does not need to be visible because the missile has its own independent radar seeker head, but the firing platform must be aware of the rough position of enemy forces, since the range of these seeker heads is not particularly large.

These long range surface to air missiles are your lifeline. They are the way that your fleet air defences protect your fleet. They ought to be the FIRST reaction to an enemy attack, out to up to 400 kilometres.

Second echelon: short-range SAM
The second wave of fleet air defence comes from shorter ranged surface to air missiles, which normally have a <50 kilometre range. Examples are Russian 9M330 (Tor), American Sea Sparrow, MBDA Aster 15, and British Sea Wolf. These missiles are advantageous in that they do not need a lot of space to be stored. For instance, a VLS cell that can fit 1 SM-6 can also fit quad-pack four Sea Sparrows. Ships normally have a mix of long and short range SAMs to maximise their carrying space. A ship with 60 VLS cells could have 150 missiles, if it used half its space to quad-pack smaller missiles. The disadvantage is that these weapons do not have a long engagement range, so reaction time for a purely short-range platform is signficantly reduced (between factors of six and forty [ ! ].)

These short range surface to air missiles are integral because of their quantity and saturative abilities, but you risk your 'range of reach' if you use solely short range missiles.

Third echelon: point defence weapons system
This is really the ship's last resort. We're talking here CIWS, autocannons, shipboard guns, that guy with balls of steel firing his rifle at a torpedo. These systems are an absolute last resort because of their reaction time; their range is so short, against even a subsonic target they have a matter of seconds to react, compared to possible minutes for a missile system. It's also reported that lighter, 20-mm based CIWS weapons can sometimes be incapable of destroying heavier missiles in the several ton weight range.

They are worth including, but any force that relies on them will be annihilated.

The last function of fleet air defence is electronic counter-counter measures. This includes the jamming of radar seeker heads and the use of chaff and decoys to llead missiles off-target. All ships are generally equipped with the ability to attack the radar heads of missiles with jamming techniques and with chaff to confuse missile seeker heads. Although the use of EW will give away a fleet's position more obviously, if a fleet is under concentrated attack, the time for hiding is over.

Incidentally, the use of decoys such as the Royal Navy's SSTD system is the only defence against torpedoes, aside from maneouvres.



dari penjelasan diatas TNI AL belum mempunyai payung udara yang berlapis. dari spek PKR pun hanya Short SAM
mungkin yang bisa didiskusikan
1. Radar seperti apa yang bisa untuk mencegah ancaman dari udara?
2. SAM yang cocok
3. kalo beli kapal, kapal seperti apa yang cocok

ilustrasi
ilustrasi ini ane ambil dari blogspot walaupun tidak aktual tapi bisa memberikan sedikit gambaran payung udara dari Armada malaysia, indonesia, singapura dan thailand yang ane rasa lebih bagus dari indonesia


Sumber :
http://navalresources.weebly.com/fle...r-defence.html