September 11, 2014
10 ships, which shocked the world. Part One



10 best examples of naval technology of all time. Strength, beauty and courage. Each of these ships are committed mass vydayushihsya feats. They are forever covered its decks laurels of fame and made enemies radiate drops sticky fear.

The strongest of the strongest. They alone could change the situation in the theater and to question all previous canons of the sea battle. They kroili map of the world, like a rusty tin roof scissors. They fought and won. And when we went on board, tortured by enemy fire - do not let down the flag and the anthem went under water ... and towards the enemy even half a minute flying shells fired already dead calculations wreck.

Forward to the past or future date back to? Positions are rated conditional - each of the ships had already earned his place in history and does not require estimates of the vulgar "Diwali experts." All he wanted the author of this material - to introduce you to 10 exciting stories that can cheer up anyone who cares about the Navy.

10th - "Dreadnought"

"Dreadnought" was built in a year and a day. And it was such a ship ... How to explain that it was for the ship? It was an incredible ship! The most complicated mechanism, the most modern and expensive car in history, at that time, of course. And today - this striking building ... Well, try to imagine ... No, it's hard to describe ... Well, for example, the height of his body was above the five-story building, it is no add-ons pipes and masts. One of the main fire gun "Dreadnought" weighed more than all the guns "Victoria" ship, which held the flag, Admiral Nelson, all together. And the 12-inch gun "Dreadnought" could fire shells weighing 390 pounds at a distance of over 30 kilometers.
- E. Grishkovets "Dreadnoughts"



Spushenny the water in 1906, the British battleship HMS Dreadnought ("Fearless") has become a household name for all subsequent ships of this class. Outstanding size, speed and unprecedented before firepower - a dreadnought was equal to the whole squad battleships! The design of the dreadnought was taken into account all the experience of previous naval battles (in the first place - the Russian-Japanese War) and were introduced latest achievements of science and industry at the time. The main reasons for the triumph of steel:

- The concept of a fair all-big-gun ("only the big guns"), which turned into a murderous fire dreadnought flurry of red-hot steel. 10 guns of the Civil Code against 4 on the battleship of the time! But most importantly - a sharp increase in accuracy. Bursts from falling shells one caliber excluded confusion in determining the distance to the target and adjusting fire characteristic of diversiform artillery EBR beginning of the century.

- Steam turbine power plant. The use of turbines has increased the stroke on multiple nodes, making dreadnought most high-speed of the large gun ships of the time (22 knots. ~ 40 km / h). But more importantly - do not allow the turbine to reduce the move for many days, in contrast to the steam engines of battleships, which required "breather" after 8 hours at maximum capacity.



Just three years after the "Dreadnought" is the same ship came from the Germans - "Nassau". More and more powerful - with 12 major caliber guns! On the way was the era of "sverhdrednoutov." But the beginning of this debilitating naval arms race remains forever linked with that of the legendary ship of His Majesty, that has revolutionized the field of the Navy.

It remains to add that gorgeous gun "Dreadnought" never shot at the enemy. The only trophies was the German submarine U-29, by chance protaranennaya battleship.

9th place - battleships like "Bismarck"

The ship that gave the most entertaining fight in the history of the Navy. It all began in workaday simple: the most powerful ship of the Atlantic, accompanied by heavy cruiser "Prinz Eugen" was released to intercept Allied convoys. In the Danish Straits German raiders were met by a fleet of battleships of His Majesty. Began a fleeting battle in which "Bismarck" five salvos knocked into the abyss of the British battlecruiser "Hood" with all his crew (1415 people). Realizing that they are dealing with an unprecedented fighting machine, manage a team of highly skilled professionals, the British cast in pursuit of the German battleship 200 warships - all the power that they had in the Atlantic.



Salvage beast ... went full speed to the base, leaving a telltale trail of oil - the result of heavy ammunition with "Prince Of Wales". In tears the shroud of mist regularly flashed silhouettes British cruisers and destroyers, "Bismarck" gave their side a couple of volleys, and lay down on a new course. Realizing that the German killer out of retribution, was immediately thrown across the path of the connection H of Gibraltar. A pair of torpedo attacks - and now, finally, good luck! Explosion of a torpedo damaged rudders - "Bismarck" becomes unmanageable. Now his fate is sealed.

Morning to the scene hauled heavy cruisers and battleships of the British Navy - started last, the most dramatic chapter in the history of hunting, "Bismarck".

During the battle, "Rodney" produced 380 406-mm and 716 152 mm shells, "King George V» - 339 356-mm and 660 133 mm, heavy cruiser "Dorsetshire" and "Norfolk" - respectively 254 and 527 203- mm shells

Cvyshe 2500 mainly shots and medium caliber! Finally, in flames German "vundervaffe" completely ceases resistance. The new torpedo attack - 3 holes below the waterline. Inside the "Bismarck" life is still warm, but the position of the battleship too obvious. Germans open scuttle and go under the water with his ship. 2,200 crew members will be saved only 115.





The remains of "Bismarck" lie at a depth of 4700 meters, 600 miles off the coast of France.
Perfectly preserved body of the battleship still for a few thousand years to be reminded of "the thousand-year Reich"

With such a "cousin", the second series of the battleship "Bismarck" could only stand in the Norwegian fjords, the mere fact of its presence catching up fear in the enemy. Hardly the deck "Tirpitz" was heard banging sailor shoes - a little harder than usual - in the British Admiralty and panic (history thrown convoy PQ-17).

"As long as there is a" Tirpitz ", the British navy must constantly be available two battleships such as" King George V ". Constantly in the waters of the metropolis should be three ships of this type - in case of finding one of them to be repaired."
- First Sea Lord Admiral Dudley Pound

"It creates a general fear and threat at all points at once."
-rezolyutsiya Churchill

Attempts to destroy the "Tirpitz" did not stop throughout the war fruitless trips squadrons of aircraft carriers and battleships to the dark rocks Alta Fjord, attack mini-submarines and other special funds. For drowning "Tirpitz" Allied aircraft took to commit to a place-based battleship at least 700 sorties. Finally, in the autumn of 1944 "lonely Queen of the North" has been hammered by hail monstrous 5-ton bombs "Tollboy."



"Bismarck" and "Tirpitz" died, becoming a model of courage and an outstanding example of military resistance to class ships "Battleship."

8th place - the carriers of "Essex"

They came like an avalanche, like a black thread
They just dare us, and we trampled into the mud.
All of our banners and pennants driven into the sand,
They destroyed everything, they killed all of us (c)



One of the main failures of the raid on Pearl Harbor is the lack of a database of American aircraft carriers. How to further developments in the Pacific theater of operations, if at that time the Japanese managed to sink the "Lexington" and "Enterprise"? Rhetorical question that does not require an answer - ultimately nothing would have changed. Outcome of military confrontation the United States and Japan was a foregone conclusion. President Roosevelt knew about it and did everything to make this war began.

Over the next four years, American industry has had time to thresh one hundred and fifty aircraft carrier ships. Against this background, the article highlighted their special 24 "Essex" - the huge 270-meter box, which became the core of the fighting the United States Navy in the final stages of the war. Only 14 of them managed to reach the combat zone, but it was enough - Imperial Navy appeared nothing to oppose to these monsters. Raid on Truk, sinking "Yamato" and "Musashi" firestorm over the atolls of the Pacific Ocean - hundreds of planes tore the enemy "in the dry", leaving Japan with no chance of victory in the war.

"Essex" ... One of the largest and most advanced aircraft carriers of its time. 36 thousand. Tonnes full displacement stroke of 33 knots, the crew of 2-3 thousand. Pers., Air group - up to one hundred aircraft for various purposes!


Upgraded "Hancock" with angular flight deck and jet attack aircraft A-4 "Skyhawk"

Fate played with "Essex" cruel joke - the era of fast jet aircraft prematurely "wear" great ships. The size of their decks still enough light to base "Panther" and "Skyhawks", but the new "Phantoms" proved to be too large and heavy for a period of WWII ships.

"Essex" performed well in Korea, pokurazhitsya off the coast of Vietnam, but, alas, their days were numbered. By the mid-60s they were already considered a "second-rate equipment," and mainly used as anti-submarine and auxiliary ships (search in the ocean capsules NASA spacecraft, etc.). By the early 70's all of them, one after the other, were at the dump.

Nice "Essex" not what we did, and what they were. Devastating scale program of construction, coupled with the excellent characteristics of the ships themselves, give them unconditional pass to immortality.


Aircraft Carrier Museum "Intrepid", moored at the 86th pier in Manhattan



7th place - battleships of "Iowa"
Four American super-hero, is not subject to the influence of time.


On a hot night in January ... 1991 open sea again shaken by bursts of 16-inch guns. Beaten with guns, somewhere over the horizon rising glow of fires. To the side of the battleship, as well as 40 years ago, flying winged suicide. This time, instead of crazy kamikaze, the Yankees have come under attack of a new generation of suicide - "Haiying-2." Chinese copies of the Soviet anti-ship missiles "Termite". In 1944, the Japanese managed to break through the anti-aircraft fire and scratch the paint on the board's new battleship. How will the new round? In the distance, something exploded and spilled into the sea - a system of self-defense, "Missouri" repulsed modern missiles. A great pity. Otherwise, it would prove the bold hypothesis of complete invulnerability of these floating fortresses to modern weapons. Battleship armor is stronger than any rocket.

Built in the era of WWII, these ships have leveled their guns half the atolls of the Pacific Ocean. They are crushing the coast of Korea and Vietnam. Amusing incident occurred in 1983 - the American Air Force was unable to break through the heavy fire of the Syrian SAM batteries. The aid was urgently summoned veteran - "New Jersey" dolt of its 406 mm "bombards" neighborhood of Beirut; moreover, one of the shells destroyed the gearbox with the commander of the Syrian contingent in Lebanon.

A brief respite, reactivation and modernization - to the mid-80s sixteen-antiques coexisted with automatic "Phalanx" (4500 rds. / Min) and cruise missiles of a new generation.

The last task - winter 1991 "Missouri" and "Wisconsin" shelled the coastline of Iraq, simultaneously releasing six dozen "Tomahawk" in Baghdad.

Legendary kinogeroi militants "Capture" and "Battleship." The world's last battleships, which became the pinnacle of evolution for the ships of its class. Steel and fire. Fighting history length in half a century. Lords of the Sea. Useless to argue.


Start the CD from the board of the "New Jersey"

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