Infrared search and tracking system with a distributed aperture ARTEMIS developed by Thales, uses three sensor units mounted on a mast or deck superstructures for Omnidirection 360 ° azimuth

The French navy has long been recognized technology pioneer and leader in the exploitation of so-called "opto" (optoelectronic) sensor systems for surface ships. The story began with a feasibility study and infrared optoelectronic (EO / IR) devices in the late 60s, then in the mid 70s followed by prototypes.

From 1975 to 1980 it was manufactured and tested several prototypes: an infrared search and tracking system (IPSS, English acronym IRST - infrared search and track system) with two frequency ranges (3-5 and 8-12 microns), dual-band and single-band tracking device differential tracking device. As a result, it was decided to contract with the then company Societe Anonyme des Telecommunications (SAT) for the development of operational equipment of all three types: DIBV-1A VAMPIR (single head dual-band scanning IPSS optimized for search antiship cruise missiles in sight); DIBC-1A PIRANA (dual-band tracking device) of the same company, and multi-purpose differential tracking device SEID (Systeme d'ecartometrie infrarouge differentielle) installed to improve the performance of high-precision missile system Crotale against low-flying targets.

While much attention was paid to the "traditional" threats of the Cold War and the French Navy considered as an integral supplement radar surfaced battle EO / IR sensors, noting their high resolution, the ability to perform positive identification of objects by day and night, excellent angular measurements, very good performance against low-flying targets and high resistance to interference. In addition, passive mode allows to use them in situations of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation, and their compact and lightweight installation makes integration into existing platforms.

Next funding occurred in the mid 90s, when the Navy identified the need for modernization of defense capabilities on their frigates F 70 and a number of other major vessels. The result is a program of modernization OP3A (Operation d'Amelioration de 1'Autodefense Antimissiles - missile defense modernization project) under which were integrated EO / IR sensors (modular Bispectral IPSS VAMPIR MB second-generation optoelectronic detectors VIGY 105) with Minisystem battle to improve situational awareness and reduce the capture time goal weapons. Sensors and VIGY VAMPIR MB 105 were designed and fabricated Sagem Defense Securite (part of Safran group) in which the company joined the SAT in 1998.


VIGY sensor 105

Years passed, and in late 2012 the French fleet again relies on the EO / IR sensor systems to meet the needs of the whole of the surface fleet in the ship's self-defense, fire control and overall situational awareness. This is confirmed by the accelerated introduction of new equipment in the Navy, including military solutions ready to perform emergency tasks such as maritime safety and the fight against piracy.


Three variants VAMPIR: Original version on the frigate class Cassard (top), VAMPIR CF (left), VAMPIR ML corvettes and fast combat boats (right)

Three variants VAMPIR: Original version on the frigate class Cassard (top), VAMPIR CF (left), VAMPIR ML corvettes and fast combat boats (right)

Evolution IPSS

The French navy can claim a pioneer in the application of the IPSS and the sea, although DIBV-1A VAMPIR first generation removed from service (installed on frigates defense F70 Cassard and Jean Bart), the following model DIBV-2 A VAMPIR MB continues to serve on board frigates F70 Dupleix, Montcalm and Jean de Vienne (as part of a kit OP3A), air defense frigates Forbin and Chevalier Paul and the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle.

Further development under the designation line VAMPIR VAMPIR NG (Nouvelle Generation - new generation) subsequently were also presented on the market. This system, in which the configuration of the Bi is replaced by one high-resolution imager 3-5 micron focal plane array includes an improved process and improved signal processing, achieved significant export success. Australia bought 29 such systems to be installed on the main surface warships and amphibious ships.

However, when VAMPIR NG from Sagem's new frigates entered the class Aquitaine French Navy in October 2005, he gave primacy to his opponent ARTEMIS (Advanced Reliable Third-generation Electro-optical Multiplexing Infrared Search and track - advanced reliable electro-optical multiplexing and search support the third generation), proposed by Thales. ARTEMIS (first two photos) is a completely different type of IPSS architecture based on distributed image intensifiers, and as soon as the French Navy took the first generation of scanning IPSS, he again took the lead on the introduction of technology image intensification.

Full contract for the development, production and provision of Thales was granted in December 2005 for the supply of eight systems (for equipping the first batch of frigates Aquitaine) and a five-year integrated logistics. Following contract to supply three additional systems, was signed by Thales and DCNS at the end of 2009.

ARTEMIS comprises three sensor units (each weighing 27 kg) mounted on a mast or upper deck superstructures, and providing an overview of a circular 360 ° in azimuth, each connected to a central signal processing unit by optical fiber. Each sensor unit installed infrared camera with a resolution of 3-5 microns covering sector 120 ° azimuth and 25 ° in elevation with a refresh rate of 10 Hz.

Integrated electronic image stabilization eliminates mechanical stabilizing system inside the sensor heads. In addition, the wide field of view in the vertical plane ensures a good overview of the spatial vertical even with compensation roll in rough seas.

The requirement for a wide field of view and high refresh rate without increasing the cost associated with the installation of several cameras in each sensor unit, it was decided by an innovative optical designs, which uses a combination of prismatic mirrors for splitting the spatial sector review at six optical channels (each covers 20 ° in azimuth and 25 ° in elevation). Output data is then projected onto a large focal plane array (640 x 512 pixels), and mounted rotating on the periscope through each of the six optical channels 10 times per second, to obtain a refresh rate of 10 Hz.

Basic image processing - Correction of unevenness and control panoramic IR sensor - performed in the sensor head. IR video is then sent to the CPU for processing dual-channel, one channel carries advanced detection algorithms to perform tracking and spatial fusion blips and data tracking, clutter suppression and predklassifikatsii; other uses imaging algorithms to create a panoramic video in real time.

Detection algorithms (formation blips) are based on the method of analysis using multiscreen adaptive sensitivity thresholds for clutter suppression and local selection. The final scenario description is processed by using three different types of tracking algorithms.

After the test, the first system was put to the ARTEMIS ground test stand in St Mandrier in December 2010. The hardware part of the first class ship Aquitaine arrived at the shipyard DCNS Lorient at the end of September 2010, and in November 2012 after the acceptance test the ship was handed over to the French Navy.


EOMS-NG system from the company Sagem

Despite the fact that the company Sagem failed with system VAMPIR NG on the domestic market, it has recently achieved success here with its electron-optical system of the new generation of multifunctional EOMS-NG (Electro-Optical Multifunction System). EOMS-NG is another product on the basis of pre-built components, which were originally designed to meet the needs of the export market. The system is a compact single head unit combines the functions of a panoramic IPSS and MA-fire control system.

In 2009, Sagem agreed to lease one DCNS EOMS-NG system for installation on board an experienced shore patrol vessel Gowind L'Adroit (currently in a three-year lease from the French Navy). However, more substantial order came in early 2012 when EOMS-NG has been selected by DCNS (acting as the contracting organization on behalf of the Directorate General for Armaments [DGA]) for the modernization of the fire control system of six reconnaissance class frigates Floreal.

EOMS-NG system takes the place of opto Najir, it will provide fire control 100-mm gun ships French Navy Floreal class, and improve tactical situational awareness and increase the level of protection of the ship. The case center of each ship shall be equipped with a special workstation, install the first of these was completed in late 2012.
Another French company HGH Infrared Systems without excessive hype was awarded a contract in 2009 to supply infrared panoramic surveillance system Vigiscan to modernize the French La Fayette class frigates fighting pirates in the Gulf of Aden. This was in response to urgent operational requirements for all-weather, clock thermal imaging system with high resolution for detecting small boats with low radar signature.

HGH Infrared Systems was awarded a contract in 2009 to supply its panoramic infrared surveillance system to be installed on Vigiscan French La Fayette class frigates involved in combating piracy in the Gulf of Aden
Vigiscan essentially functions as a "optical radar" using a continuously rotating line scan sensor to produce 360 ​​° panoramic image in real time. To compensate for the pitching ship Vigiscan mounted on a special platform gyrostabilized mast, while it can maintain its performance in terms of excitement above the sea 2 - 4 meters. Such a decision, combined with special image processing algorithms and integrated with the inertial navigation system of the ship, guaranteed provides accurate positioning and tracking.

Low false alarm rate - is another distinctive feature of the complex. The evaluation system Vigiscan confirmed that this frequency corresponds to the required threshold values ​​of the parameters, and the sensor does not affect the long-wavelength range of solar glare.

In actual operation (in hot climates, day and night, in motion) system demonstrated rapid (1 - 2 seconds) detection of small boats within 12 kilometers. HGH Infrared Systems Company announced that the system Vigiscan along with superior performance and low incidence of false positives was also selected because of its affordability, low cost of ownership, reliability and compactness of the installation on the ship with minimal supporting surface.

Need to meet in a very short period of time urgent requirement to improve surveillance capabilities of the sea forced the shipyard DCNS in January 2011 issue of the British company contracted Chess Dynamics worth over two million euros for the supply of stabilized EO / IR surveillance and tracking Sea Cobra. This property due to the urgency did not even compete with competing systems from Europe and the USA. The company has delivered nine Chess Dynamics Systems Sea Cobra for rotation between nine supply ships A69 Aviso class and four-class Durance to support coastal patrol, operations security and piracy worldwide. The first set was completed in September 2011.

Chess Dynamics Company delivered its stabilized EO / IR surveillance and tracking Sea Cobra to meet the urgent requirements for improved maritime surveillance system. Installation of the first system was completed in September 2011

Sea Cobra provides panoramic scanning, adding images and automatic definition of the objectives to optimize threat detection while reducing the burden on the operator. System for the French fleet includes srednepolosny imager Selex ES Hawk 640x480, color camera Piranha, a laser rangefinder and Thales Celt2 narrowband IR pointer ILEE David 850.
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Chess Dynamics Company delivered its stabilized EO / IR surveillance and tracking Sea Cobra to meet the urgent requirements for improved maritime surveillance system. Installation of the first system was completed in September 2011
Sea Cobra provides panoramic scanning, adding images and automatic definition of the objectives to optimize threat detection while reducing the burden on the operator. System for the French fleet includes srednepolosny imager Selex ES Hawk 640x480, color camera Piranha, a laser rangefinder and Thales Celt2 narrowband IR pointer ILEE David 850.

Source : thales.group.com 2013.
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