Rusia dan AS Berlomba Pikat Indonesia Soal Jual-Beli Senjata
Indonesia sendiri tidak mau bergantung kepada satu pihak.



VIVAnews - Rusia bertekad semakin aktif menjalin kerjasama dengan Indonesia di bidang pertahanan. Kerjasama ini tidak sebatas jual-beli alat-alat utama sistem pertahanan (alutsista), namun juga latihan militer bersama dan rencana membuat proyek patungan industri alutsista.

Saat masih berbentuk Uni Soviet (USSR), Rusia menjual persenjataannya ke Indonesia tidak lama setelah kedua negara membuka hubungan diplomatik pada 1950. Di tahun-tahun awal, banyak pula personel angkatan laut dan udara Indonesia dikirim ke Uni Soviet untuk menempuh pendidikan.

Namun, hubungan itu terganggu di pertengahan dekade 1960an karena alasan-alasan politis. Kedua negara kembali melanjutkan hubungan di awal dekade 1990an, walau baru berjalan erat satu dekade kemudian karena saat itu masih terhalang beberapa faktor.

Contohnya, pembicaraan soal jual-beli jet tempur Rusia Sukhoi-30 ke Indonesia sudah berlangsung sejak 1997. Namun jual-beli itu baru disepakati pada 2003.

Eratnya kembali kerjasama pertahanan Rusia-Indonesia banyak terbantu berkat rengganggnya hubungan serupa antara Indonesia dengan Amerika Serikat di akhir dekade 1990an. Kerenggangan itu muncul setelah Washington menjatuhkan embargo penjualan senjata ke Jakarta karena menilai Indonesia saat itu melanggar Hak Asasi Manusia di Timor Timur, yang kini bernama Timor Leste sejak menjadi negara berdaulat pada 2002.

Embargo senjata AS ke RI itu, berikut suku cadang, berlangsung selama 1999-2005. AS mengakhiri embargo ketika Presidennya saat itu, George W Bush, menganggap Indonesia termasuk mitra penting memerangi terorisme.

Setelah mencabut embargo, AS pun terlihat aktif menawarkan mesin-mesin perangnya kepada Indonesia. Pada 2011, AS sepakat mengirim 24 unit jet tempur bekas tipe F-16 seri C/D blok 25 kepada Indonesia secara cuma-cuma, kecuali untuk biaya pemutakhiran (upgrade).

Pada akhir 2012, AS dan Indonesia berunding untuk jual-beli helikopter serbaguna UH-60 Black Hawk dan helikopter tempur AH-60D buatan Boeing.

Namun, belajar dari embargo AS itu, Indonesia membuka pintu kerjasama seluas-luasnya kepada negara lain, termasuk Rusia, agar tidak lagi bergantung kepada satu pihak dalam pengadaan alutsista. Maka, sejak itu, Indonesia tidak hanya kembali berbisnis senjata dengan AS, namun juga mempererat kerjasama serupa dengan Rusia.

Maka, Indonesia dan Rusia bersepakat soal jual beli jet tempur dan mesin-mesin perang lain. Sejak 2003, Rusia telah mengirim 12 unit jet tempur Sukhoi ke Indonesia dan pengiriman empat unit lagi masih menunggu persetujuan lebih lanjut.

Moskow pun telah menjual sejumlah helikopter militer Mi-35 dan Mi-17 kepada Jakarta. Alutsista lain yang dijual Rusia ke Indonesia adalah kendaraan tempur lapis baja BMP-3F, kendaraan pengangkut personel BTR-80A, serta senapan serbu AK-102.

Untuk membeli persenjataan itu, Moskow pada 2007 memberi fasilitas kredit sebesar US$1 miliar kepada Jakarta. Kerjasama pertahanan di luar jual-beli persenjataan juga telah berlangsung, seperti menggelar latihan bersama memerangi perompak di laut antara pasukan Indonesia dengan Rusia pada 2011.

Kerjasama kedua negara juga mencakup kemitraan Rusia dengan ASEAN. Pada Juli 2004, Rusia dan ASEAN menyapakati deklarasi memerangi bersama terorisme.

ASEAN dan Rusia pun menggelar pertemuan tahunan dan kelompok-kelompok diskusi di bidang keamanan maritim, bantuan kemanusiaan, pengobatan militer, operasi penjaga perdamaian , dan pemberantasan ranjau darat.

Baru-baru ini Rusia menawarkan bantuan ke Indonesia membangun sistem pertahanan udara. Saat ini, Indonesia hanya memiliki rudal-rudal pertahanan SAM (surface-to-air missile) jarak dekat.

Industri Pertahanan

Maka, Viktor Komardin dari perusahaan ekspor senjata-senjata Rusia (Rosoboronexport) mengungkapkan bahwa Moskow akan menjual perangkat sistem SAM sekaligus membantu mempersiapkan jaringan pertahanan udara.

Pengamat hubungan internasional dari Universitas Indonesia, Edy Prasetyono, menilai kerjasama pertahanan RI-Rusia masih belum maksimal, tidak saja dalam jual-beli alustsita, namun juga di bidang lain seperti pelatihan, dan pendidikan militer.

"Indonesia kini punya undang-undang industri pertahanan yang menyatakan bahwa pembangunan industri pertahanan bisa berlangsung melalui kerjasama internasional. Maka, ada ruang bagi Rusia untuk bekerjasama dengan Indonesia, terutama dalam beberapa platform senjata tertentu. Kedua negara perlu bernegosiasi soal ini," kata Prasetyono.

Jebakan Betmen

hah, yg bawah berita dikait kaitin lay...biar mantap lah dikid

Indonesia-Russia military ties going strong

The USSR began selling arms to Indonesia almost immediately after the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1950. In those early years, Indonesian naval and air force personnel were sent to study in the Soviet Union. However, the relations soured in the mid-1960s for political reasons.
The parties attempted to resume contacts in the early 1990s, but a number of factors prevented them from re-establishing close contacts until the 2000s.
For example, talks had been on about deliveries of Russian Sukhoi Su-30 fighters to Indonesia since 1997, but the first examples of the type were not delivered until 2003.

Russian and US presence in Indonesia

The resumption of Russian-Indonesian military contacts was largely facilitated by a split between Indonesia and the USA.
Washington had been running a protracted embargo on arms sales to Jakarta, accusing Indonesia of human rights violations in East Timor.
The full ban on arms sales, including spares, was on from 1999 to 2005.
The USA has since repaired ties with Indonesia, but Jakarta now knows better than to put all its eggs in one basket. Indonesia is diversifying its arms imports, looking both to the USA and Russia.
In 2011, the USA agreed to deliver 24 used Lockheed Martin F-16 C/D Block 25 fighter jets to Indonesia, free of charge.
In late 2012, the countries launches talks over deliveries of Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk utility helicopters and Boeing AH-64D Apache attack helicopters.
This pragmatic approach allows Jakarta to safeguard its imports, while maintaining neutrality in the gunpowder keg of a regional environment.

Russian arms sales to Indonesia

Russia has delivered 12 Sukhoi fighters to Indonesia since 2003; a further four deliveries are pending.Moscow has also sold Jakarta Mil Mi-35 and Mi-17 helicopters, BMP-3F infantry fighting vehicles, BTR-80A armoured personnel carriers, and AK-102 assault rifles.
An intergovernmental commission for military technical cooperation was set up in 2005; in 2007, Moscow extended a $1 billion credit line to Jakarta for purchasing various Russian military hardware.
Over the past several years, military cooperation between Russia and Indonesia has expanded beyond arms trade.
In 2011, the Russian and Indonesian navies practiced anti-piracy counteraction in their first ever joint exercise.
Russia and Indonesia also continue multilateral cooperation in the ASEAN format. In July 2004, Russia and ASEAN signed a declaration on joint counteraction to terrorism.The ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting Plus Counterterrorism Exercise will be held in Indonesia on 9-13 September.
ASEAN and Russia also hold annual meetings and work group sessions on maritime security, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, military medicine, peacekeeping operations, and humanitarian mine action.

Cooperation potential

At the Indo Defence Expo & Forum held in Indonesia in 2012, Defence Minister Purnomo Yusgiantoro invited Russia to get directly involved in developing the Indonesian Armed Forces. This proposal opens further opportunities for cooperation. Moscow has already offered Jakarta to help develop its air defences.
At present, the Indonesian air defence troops have only short-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems.
Viktor Komardin, deputy head of Russia's state-run arms exporter Rosoboronexport, says Moscow can both sell individual SAM systems to Jakarta and help it set up a comprehensive air defence network.
Says Edy Prasetyono, vice dean at the faculty of social and political sciences at University of Indonesia: "Indonesian-Russian military cooperation has not made any significant progress not only in military sale, but also in other areas of military cooperation such as military exercise, training, and education. There are a lot of areas that the countries can develop further: anti-terror measures, disaster relief operation, and personal exchange. Both Embassies in each capital need to have more intensive interactions to identify common interests and formulate operational policy of how to achieve them".
"Indonesia now has a defence industry bill by which development of the defence industry will be conducted through international cooperation. Thus, there is a room for Russia to cooperate with Indonesia especially in developing particular weapon platforms. The two countries need to negotiate on this particular area," he adds.

Jebakan Robin

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lanjut kita ?