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Prospect towed Arteler
Prospects towed artillery
Nowadays part of conventional artillery ground forces of foreign countries includes towed and self-propelled guns, which are called "howitzers", as their main purpose is to conduct mounted shooting with remote closed positions. A large part of modern howitzers able to shoot and direct fire at a distance of up to 2 kilometers, depending on the design features. It is this feature of them, as well as barrel length foreign howitzers in some way change their purpose, as defined in the Russian classification for the concept "howitzer" at division artillery howitzers and cannons on.
Primarily due to a correction in terminology development artillery created taking into account possible changes fleeting combat situation. In the context of the transience of modern combat field artillery must match the capability of deployment and mobility level it supports units. At the same time its main task of providing fire support artillery units can be solved only at a sufficiently high accuracy of fire, as well as a small cost of time to prepare for opening fire and collapse firing positions after solving all tasks, in order to avoid the counter-battery fire of the enemy.
On the one hand these requirements fully comply with self-propelled artillery system (ACS), which theoretically has the advantage over the towed guns. But at the same time a number of disadvantages ACS and weaknesses. For example, they have a much greater weight than the towed howitzers. In favor of conventional towed howitzers recently evidenced by the fact that since the early 1980s, most of them equipped with auxiliary thrusters that allow the battlefield to move guns at short distances without the use of tractors and vehicles.
Currently in Russia the full amount of the state tests have been towed 125 mm gun with self-movement PTP 2A45M "Octopus-B" and lightweight 152-mm howitzer 2A61 "Pat-B", which has mechanized ramming the projectile and the variable length of the rollback. These artillery system mounted on carriages trehstaninnyh type howitzer D-30A, allow circular firing at angles of vertical interference from -5 to +70 degrees. When this mechanism is mounted on the carriage shall be sent to the shells, which provides howitzer rate to 8 rounds per minute. On the upper machine howitzer to protect calculation from bullets and shrapnel set light shields cover.
In this light 152mm howitzer "Pat-B" with a mass of 4350 kg. according to the might exceed 122 mm howitzer D-30A twice. The entire procedure is the translation of the howitzers of traveling to combat and back takes less than 2 minutes. In addition to this can be used howitzer 152mm guided munitions "Krasnopol." Also on the basis of light howitzer 2A61 "Pat-B" was performed experimental 155-mm sample under NATO ammunition.
Recent advances in production technologies barrel length 52 caliber can fire at a distance of 40 km. This distance, in turn, allows the artillery batteries emplacement much farther from the front lines, which reduces the risk of injury from fragments of artillery shells and small arms of the enemy, reducing the need for armor protection artillery calculations.
152 mm howitzer "Pat-B"
Many foreign experts, analyzing the ACS and towed artillery, in favor of the second include not only combat capabilities howitzers, but lower cash costs for military equipment and armament artillery units, and equipment for the maintenance personnel. If we consider the savings funds, it can be concluded that the 3 batteries towed howitzers, which are equipped conscripts, costing slightly more expensive one battery self-propelled howitzers manned by contract soldiers.
If we evaluate the howitzers by "cost / benefit", we can note the fact that highly developed countries with stable economies rather be armed with self-propelled howitzers. For developing countries, a definite answer to this question is quite difficult to give. For this it is necessary to consider a number of issues: ensuring implementation of its functions during the fight, the ability to provide continuous fire support for the troops over long distances; possibility of quick change artillery positions.
In this self-propelled howitzer today have the same range of fire. At the same time 3 Division towed howitzers (BG) can be much more effective (compared with 1 Battalion ACS) due to numerical superiority on the gun barrel, and a greater number of shots fired. Saving survivability towed howitzers also increased, as BG 2-3 division are more complex goal. And the possibility of independent movement of guns (due to the presence of the auxiliary propulsion) at distances up to 500 meters significantly increases the chances of survival in combat guns. Besides towed artillery harder to detect by terrestrial electronic intelligence. For these towed artillery still has some superiority over the self-propelled.
122-mm howitzer D-30A
The main vectors of
Currently, Western experts believe that the ideal cannon must have a mass comparable to the 105-mm guns, and a firing range and firepower at 155-mm guns. Recent advances in the field of metallurgy, in particular titanium and aluminum alloys, according to experts, will help bring this wish to life. Today, the lack of range of fire of light 105mm howitzers (at 20 km) restricts their use in combat, despite a number of advantages. Besides effects on shelled targets 105 mm ammunition does not always meet the requirements of the combat situation. This disadvantage is due to the linear dimensions of artillery shells and thus the difference in their volume. Height caliber projectiles from 105 to 155 mm in a position to increase the capacity charge warhead munition immediately 4 times.
Today, most states modernizes developed heavy 155-mm towed howitzers, which can not be transported on an external sling helicopters. The main efforts of designers focused on the growth range and increase accuracy of fire, achieving partial autonomy (both in Russia "Pat-B") and reducing preparation time (available time) to shoot.
So in South Korea during the modernization of the American 155-mm howitzer M114A1 howitzer was created KN179. As a result of this work a maximum range of high-explosive ammunition managed to increase from 14 600 to 22 000 meters, and the active-reactive ammunition - up to 30 000 meters. At the same time, as noted by Western experts, active-reactive munitions are not used for archery this howitzer. Increase the range of fire managed through the use of a new barrel length of 39 calibres.
155-mm howitzer KN179
The Swedish company "Bofors" to reduce the load on the payment of heavy 155mm howitzer FH-77B with a barrel length of 39 caliber has created a special crane for lifting shells. This valve is mounted on the right side of the breech howitzers. Besides, FH-77B differs in that it is carried out fire without lifting the wheels. In this case, as in the South Korean howitzers KN179, when shooting are not commonly used active-rockets.
In order to achieve an even greater range of fire today were developed length of 45 artillery guns and 52 caliber. However, one should take into account the fact that as the barrel length increases and combat weight howitzers. Currently, the most severe of the 155-mm howitzer is a South African G5 Mk3 with a barrel length of 45 caliber. Current weight howitzer is about 14 tons, and range of fire active-reactive ammunition reaches 39 km. Current howitzer carriage allows you to mount a barrel length of 39 and 52 calibers. As a South African development, howitzers GH (Finland), TIG 2000 (Israel) and GH N (Austria, Belgium, Canada) can optionally be equipped with barrels of different lengths. The growth of the oscillating mass has increased the burden on the squad for a transfer from traveling to combat and back, and when shooting.
To facilitate the maintenance modern heavy howitzers with length of barrels 45 and 52 caliber equipped with an auxiliary propulsion, which actuates the loading mechanism (feed) projectiles and charges and drives guidance howitzers. In addition, this allows you to move mover howitzer a limited distance with an average speed of traffic on the highway - 15-18 km / h on rough terrain - 8-10 km / h In this series of samples, e.g. GH N-45, produced without auxiliary propulsion. This howitzer differs from its analogues as that for driving on soft ground its wheels can be fitted with special rubber crawlers.
155-mm howitzer, FH-77B
Equipment towed howitzers auxiliary engine ensures their partial autonomy. At the same time becoming increasingly important development of automatic fire control systems. For example, the company "Denel" from South Africa develops and tests the MSA based ring laser gyroscope for heavy 155-mm howitzers G5 Mk3. African MSA allows you to first shot in 2.5 minutes after the arrival of guns into position. The accuracy of pointing the barrel is 1 division protractor. However, the howitzer has the drawback common to all heavy howitzers, disabled transport by air.
Findings
To date, it can be concluded that the development of towed howitzers and artillery guns traced 2nd major trends: the first one concerns the reduction of weight of artillery systems, the second - increase the accuracy of fire. In this combat weight howitzer has a direct impact on the ability of operational transport artillery pieces, including a large range. Also foreign specialists in the design and development of artillery pay significant attention to the economic issues. By reducing the weight of combat artillery reduced transportation costs and 1 artillery.
If we talk about improving the accuracy of the fire, it is one of the prerequisites of all modern military developments. This criterion is very important for a quick strike and timely removal units. The higher the accuracy of fire, the less expensive ammunition needed to hit a target. Reduce the use of ammunition in turn, leads to cost savings, but also reduces the load on the bodies of logistics and increases the efficiency of deployment artpodrazdeleny. The possibility of applying precise artillery strikes particularly useful during peacekeeping operations and activities at a substantial distance from the main forces of the Army.
Sources of information:
-Http :/ / otvaga2004.ru/kaleydoskop/kaleydoskop-art/buksiruemye-gaubicy
-Http :/ / old.redstar.ru/2002/10/18_10/3_01.html
-Http :/ / ru-artillery.livejournal.com/98236.html
==========================================
Mengacu pada artikel diatas, tentu ada yg dapat di pakai sebagai pengetahuan, bahwa mengoperasikan Alutsista Besar, Berat dan Gahar ternyata memerlukan persiapan duklog tinggi, serta olah ketrampilan awak yg mengoperasikan.
Negara-negara besar yg sudah terbiasa mengoperasikan material senjata seperti diatas, ternyata juga dibuat kelimpungan masalah duklog ini.
Namun semuanya tergantung pada kesiapan masing-masing negara pemakai senjata besar, berat dan gahar ini agar berfungsi sebagaimana layaknya.
Semoga.
Salam.
Nowadays part of conventional artillery ground forces of foreign countries includes towed and self-propelled guns, which are called "howitzers", as their main purpose is to conduct mounted shooting with remote closed positions. A large part of modern howitzers able to shoot and direct fire at a distance of up to 2 kilometers, depending on the design features. It is this feature of them, as well as barrel length foreign howitzers in some way change their purpose, as defined in the Russian classification for the concept "howitzer" at division artillery howitzers and cannons on.
Primarily due to a correction in terminology development artillery created taking into account possible changes fleeting combat situation. In the context of the transience of modern combat field artillery must match the capability of deployment and mobility level it supports units. At the same time its main task of providing fire support artillery units can be solved only at a sufficiently high accuracy of fire, as well as a small cost of time to prepare for opening fire and collapse firing positions after solving all tasks, in order to avoid the counter-battery fire of the enemy.
On the one hand these requirements fully comply with self-propelled artillery system (ACS), which theoretically has the advantage over the towed guns. But at the same time a number of disadvantages ACS and weaknesses. For example, they have a much greater weight than the towed howitzers. In favor of conventional towed howitzers recently evidenced by the fact that since the early 1980s, most of them equipped with auxiliary thrusters that allow the battlefield to move guns at short distances without the use of tractors and vehicles.
Currently in Russia the full amount of the state tests have been towed 125 mm gun with self-movement PTP 2A45M "Octopus-B" and lightweight 152-mm howitzer 2A61 "Pat-B", which has mechanized ramming the projectile and the variable length of the rollback. These artillery system mounted on carriages trehstaninnyh type howitzer D-30A, allow circular firing at angles of vertical interference from -5 to +70 degrees. When this mechanism is mounted on the carriage shall be sent to the shells, which provides howitzer rate to 8 rounds per minute. On the upper machine howitzer to protect calculation from bullets and shrapnel set light shields cover.
In this light 152mm howitzer "Pat-B" with a mass of 4350 kg. according to the might exceed 122 mm howitzer D-30A twice. The entire procedure is the translation of the howitzers of traveling to combat and back takes less than 2 minutes. In addition to this can be used howitzer 152mm guided munitions "Krasnopol." Also on the basis of light howitzer 2A61 "Pat-B" was performed experimental 155-mm sample under NATO ammunition.
Recent advances in production technologies barrel length 52 caliber can fire at a distance of 40 km. This distance, in turn, allows the artillery batteries emplacement much farther from the front lines, which reduces the risk of injury from fragments of artillery shells and small arms of the enemy, reducing the need for armor protection artillery calculations.
152 mm howitzer "Pat-B"
Many foreign experts, analyzing the ACS and towed artillery, in favor of the second include not only combat capabilities howitzers, but lower cash costs for military equipment and armament artillery units, and equipment for the maintenance personnel. If we consider the savings funds, it can be concluded that the 3 batteries towed howitzers, which are equipped conscripts, costing slightly more expensive one battery self-propelled howitzers manned by contract soldiers.
If we evaluate the howitzers by "cost / benefit", we can note the fact that highly developed countries with stable economies rather be armed with self-propelled howitzers. For developing countries, a definite answer to this question is quite difficult to give. For this it is necessary to consider a number of issues: ensuring implementation of its functions during the fight, the ability to provide continuous fire support for the troops over long distances; possibility of quick change artillery positions.
In this self-propelled howitzer today have the same range of fire. At the same time 3 Division towed howitzers (BG) can be much more effective (compared with 1 Battalion ACS) due to numerical superiority on the gun barrel, and a greater number of shots fired. Saving survivability towed howitzers also increased, as BG 2-3 division are more complex goal. And the possibility of independent movement of guns (due to the presence of the auxiliary propulsion) at distances up to 500 meters significantly increases the chances of survival in combat guns. Besides towed artillery harder to detect by terrestrial electronic intelligence. For these towed artillery still has some superiority over the self-propelled.
122-mm howitzer D-30A
The main vectors of
Currently, Western experts believe that the ideal cannon must have a mass comparable to the 105-mm guns, and a firing range and firepower at 155-mm guns. Recent advances in the field of metallurgy, in particular titanium and aluminum alloys, according to experts, will help bring this wish to life. Today, the lack of range of fire of light 105mm howitzers (at 20 km) restricts their use in combat, despite a number of advantages. Besides effects on shelled targets 105 mm ammunition does not always meet the requirements of the combat situation. This disadvantage is due to the linear dimensions of artillery shells and thus the difference in their volume. Height caliber projectiles from 105 to 155 mm in a position to increase the capacity charge warhead munition immediately 4 times.
Today, most states modernizes developed heavy 155-mm towed howitzers, which can not be transported on an external sling helicopters. The main efforts of designers focused on the growth range and increase accuracy of fire, achieving partial autonomy (both in Russia "Pat-B") and reducing preparation time (available time) to shoot.
So in South Korea during the modernization of the American 155-mm howitzer M114A1 howitzer was created KN179. As a result of this work a maximum range of high-explosive ammunition managed to increase from 14 600 to 22 000 meters, and the active-reactive ammunition - up to 30 000 meters. At the same time, as noted by Western experts, active-reactive munitions are not used for archery this howitzer. Increase the range of fire managed through the use of a new barrel length of 39 calibres.
155-mm howitzer KN179
The Swedish company "Bofors" to reduce the load on the payment of heavy 155mm howitzer FH-77B with a barrel length of 39 caliber has created a special crane for lifting shells. This valve is mounted on the right side of the breech howitzers. Besides, FH-77B differs in that it is carried out fire without lifting the wheels. In this case, as in the South Korean howitzers KN179, when shooting are not commonly used active-rockets.
In order to achieve an even greater range of fire today were developed length of 45 artillery guns and 52 caliber. However, one should take into account the fact that as the barrel length increases and combat weight howitzers. Currently, the most severe of the 155-mm howitzer is a South African G5 Mk3 with a barrel length of 45 caliber. Current weight howitzer is about 14 tons, and range of fire active-reactive ammunition reaches 39 km. Current howitzer carriage allows you to mount a barrel length of 39 and 52 calibers. As a South African development, howitzers GH (Finland), TIG 2000 (Israel) and GH N (Austria, Belgium, Canada) can optionally be equipped with barrels of different lengths. The growth of the oscillating mass has increased the burden on the squad for a transfer from traveling to combat and back, and when shooting.
To facilitate the maintenance modern heavy howitzers with length of barrels 45 and 52 caliber equipped with an auxiliary propulsion, which actuates the loading mechanism (feed) projectiles and charges and drives guidance howitzers. In addition, this allows you to move mover howitzer a limited distance with an average speed of traffic on the highway - 15-18 km / h on rough terrain - 8-10 km / h In this series of samples, e.g. GH N-45, produced without auxiliary propulsion. This howitzer differs from its analogues as that for driving on soft ground its wheels can be fitted with special rubber crawlers.
155-mm howitzer, FH-77B
Equipment towed howitzers auxiliary engine ensures their partial autonomy. At the same time becoming increasingly important development of automatic fire control systems. For example, the company "Denel" from South Africa develops and tests the MSA based ring laser gyroscope for heavy 155-mm howitzers G5 Mk3. African MSA allows you to first shot in 2.5 minutes after the arrival of guns into position. The accuracy of pointing the barrel is 1 division protractor. However, the howitzer has the drawback common to all heavy howitzers, disabled transport by air.
Findings
To date, it can be concluded that the development of towed howitzers and artillery guns traced 2nd major trends: the first one concerns the reduction of weight of artillery systems, the second - increase the accuracy of fire. In this combat weight howitzer has a direct impact on the ability of operational transport artillery pieces, including a large range. Also foreign specialists in the design and development of artillery pay significant attention to the economic issues. By reducing the weight of combat artillery reduced transportation costs and 1 artillery.
If we talk about improving the accuracy of the fire, it is one of the prerequisites of all modern military developments. This criterion is very important for a quick strike and timely removal units. The higher the accuracy of fire, the less expensive ammunition needed to hit a target. Reduce the use of ammunition in turn, leads to cost savings, but also reduces the load on the bodies of logistics and increases the efficiency of deployment artpodrazdeleny. The possibility of applying precise artillery strikes particularly useful during peacekeeping operations and activities at a substantial distance from the main forces of the Army.
Sources of information:
-Http :/ / otvaga2004.ru/kaleydoskop/kaleydoskop-art/buksiruemye-gaubicy
-Http :/ / old.redstar.ru/2002/10/18_10/3_01.html
-Http :/ / ru-artillery.livejournal.com/98236.html
==========================================
Mengacu pada artikel diatas, tentu ada yg dapat di pakai sebagai pengetahuan, bahwa mengoperasikan Alutsista Besar, Berat dan Gahar ternyata memerlukan persiapan duklog tinggi, serta olah ketrampilan awak yg mengoperasikan.
Negara-negara besar yg sudah terbiasa mengoperasikan material senjata seperti diatas, ternyata juga dibuat kelimpungan masalah duklog ini.
Namun semuanya tergantung pada kesiapan masing-masing negara pemakai senjata besar, berat dan gahar ini agar berfungsi sebagaimana layaknya.
Semoga.
Salam.
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